What is the cause of bright yellow nasal discharge, also known as purulent rhinorrhea?

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Last updated: April 15, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Bright Yellow Nasal Discharge

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Allergic rhinitis: This condition is characterized by an overreaction of the immune system to allergens, leading to symptoms such as bright yellow nasal discharge, sneezing, and congestion. The yellow color is due to the presence of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Viral upper respiratory tract infection (URTI): Common colds and other viral infections can cause yellow or greenish nasal discharge due to the presence of pus and dead cells.
    • Bacterial sinusitis: A bacterial infection of the sinuses can lead to thick, yellow or green nasal discharge, facial pain, and other symptoms.
    • Non-allergic rhinitis: This condition is similar to allergic rhinitis but is not triggered by allergens. It can still cause yellow nasal discharge, among other symptoms.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Meningitis: Although rare, meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) can present with nasal discharge, especially if the infection is caused by a specific type of bacteria (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae type b). Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications.
    • Nasal foreign body: In children, a foreign object inserted into the nose can cause yellow or foul-smelling discharge. This condition requires immediate attention to prevent further complications.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Nasal tuberculosis: A rare condition where the nasal passages are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to symptoms such as yellow nasal discharge, nasal congestion, and destruction of nasal tissue.
    • Fungal sinusitis: A fungal infection of the sinuses can cause yellow or black nasal discharge, facial pain, and other symptoms, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
    • Wegener's granulomatosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation of the blood vessels, leading to symptoms such as yellow nasal discharge, sinusitis, and destruction of nasal tissue.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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