Are there oral treatments for gonorrhea and chlamydia?

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Last updated: April 15, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Guidelines

Yes, there are oral treatments for gonorrhea and chlamydia, with azithromycin being a common oral treatment for both infections. For chlamydia, the standard oral treatment is doxycycline 100 mg taken twice daily for 7 days, or alternatively, azithromycin 1 gram as a single dose 1. For gonorrhea, while the current recommendation is dual therapy with a single intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone 500 mg plus oral azithromycin 1 gram as a single dose, oral cefixime is no longer recommended as a first-line treatment due to increasing resistance 2. However, in some cases, oral cefixime 400 mg as a single dose may be used if ceftriaxone is unavailable, though it's less preferred.

  • Key points to consider:
    • Complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve before finishing treatment
    • Both infections should be treated simultaneously since they often occur together
    • Sexual partners should also be treated to prevent reinfection
    • Patients should abstain from sexual activity until both they and their partners complete treatment and are symptom-free
    • Follow-up testing is recommended 3 months after treatment to ensure the infection has cleared completely
  • The choice of antibiotic is crucial, with azithromycin and doxycycline being effective against chlamydia, and ceftriaxone plus azithromycin being the recommended treatment for gonorrhea 2.
  • It's essential to note that antibiotic resistance is a growing concern, and treatment guidelines may evolve over time, so it's crucial to stay up-to-date with the latest recommendations 2.

From the FDA Drug Label

Uncomplicated gonococcal infections in adults (except anorectal infections in men):100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for 7 days. As an alternate single visit dose, administer 300 mg stat followed in one hour by a second 300 mg dose. Uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infection in adults caused by Chlamydia trachomatis: 100 mg, by mouth, twice a day for 7 days. For the treatment of uncomplicated cervical/urethral gonococcal infections, a single oral dose of 400 mg is recommended.

Oral treatments for gonorrhea and chlamydia are available.

  • Doxycycline can be used to treat uncomplicated gonococcal infections and chlamydia, with a dosage of 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days 3.
  • Cefixime can be used to treat uncomplicated gonococcal infections, with a single oral dose of 400 mg 4. Note: The dosage and administration of these medications should be followed as recommended in the drug labels.

From the Research

Oral Treatment Options

  • There are oral treatment options available for gonorrhea and chlamydia, including azithromycin and doxycycline 5, 6, 7.
  • A single 1 g dose of azithromycin has been shown to be effective in treating gonorrhea and chlamydia 6.
  • Doxycycline is also effective in treating chlamydia and is often used in combination with ceftriaxone for the treatment of gonorrhea 5, 7.

Combination Therapies

  • Combination therapies, such as ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or doxycycline, are recommended for the treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia 5, 8, 7.
  • These combination therapies have been shown to be effective in treating gonorrhea and chlamydia, and can help to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance 5, 8.

Efficacy and Safety

  • The efficacy and safety of oral treatment options for gonorrhea and chlamydia have been evaluated in several studies 6, 8, 7.
  • These studies have shown that oral treatment options, such as azithromycin and doxycycline, are generally safe and effective in treating gonorrhea and chlamydia 6, 8, 7.
  • However, the development of antibiotic resistance is a concern, and combination therapies are often recommended to help prevent the development of resistance 5, 8, 9.

References

Research

Update to CDC's Treatment Guidelines for Gonococcal Infection, 2020.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2020

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.