What causes mild pain between and around the shoulder blades in the upper back?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: January 21, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

肩胛骨周围区域按压微痛的常见原因

肩胛骨之间和两侧的按压痛最可能是肌筋膜疼痛、姿势不良导致的肌肉紧张、或颈椎病变引起的牵涉痛。

主要病因分类

肌肉骨骼来源

  • 肌筋膜疼痛综合征是最常见原因,表现为肩胛区域肌肉(斜方肌、菱形肌、肩胛提肌)的触发点和按压痛,通常与姿势不良、重复性动作或肌肉过度使用有关 1

  • 肩胛骨周围肌肉劳损常见于长期伏案工作、使用电脑或手机时头颈前倾的人群,导致肩胛区域肌肉持续紧张和微小损伤 2

  • 肩胛胸壁综合征(scapulothoracic syndrome)表现为肩胛骨与胸壁之间的摩擦或肌肉不平衡,按压时可触及疼痛点 1

颈椎来源的牵涉痛

  • 颈椎病变引起的牵涉痛是肩胛区域疼痛的重要原因,颈椎间盘突出、骨赘或神经根受压可导致肩胛骨之间和周围区域的疼痛,即使没有明显的手臂放射痛 3, 4

  • 颈椎C5-C7神经根受压特别容易引起肩胛区域疼痛,需要注意是否伴有颈部活动受限、手臂麻木或无力等症状 3

  • 如果按压痛伴有颈部不适、头痛或手臂感觉异常,应高度怀疑颈椎病变 4

内脏牵涉痛(需排除)

  • 膈下或胸腔病变可通过膈神经引起肩胛区域牵涉痛,包括肺部疾病、胸膜感染或膈下脓肿,但通常伴有其他全身症状如发热、呼吸困难 4

  • 这类情况相对少见,但如果疼痛持续且伴有全身症状,需要排除内脏来源 4

诊断要点

病史采集关键信息

  • 疼痛特征:记录疼痛的确切位置(肩胛骨之间、单侧还是双侧)、性质(钝痛、刺痛、酸痛)、持续时间和加重因素 5

  • 职业和活动模式:询问是否长时间伏案工作、使用电脑、重复性上肢活动或不良姿势 5

  • 伴随症状:是否有颈部疼痛、手臂麻木刺痛、无力、或沿手臂放射的疼痛,这些提示颈椎神经根受压 3

  • 全身症状:是否有发热、寒战、体重下降、呼吸困难等,需排除感染或肿瘤 5

体格检查要点

  • 触诊:精确定位压痛点,检查斜方肌、菱形肌、肩胛提肌是否有触发点或肌肉紧张 1

  • 颈椎评估:检查颈椎活动度,进行Spurling试验(颈部侧屈加压)看是否诱发或加重肩胛区疼痛,提示神经根受压 3

  • 肩关节评估:虽然疼痛在肩胛区,但需排除肩关节本身病变(如旋转袖损伤)引起的牵涉痛,检查肩关节活动度和力量 5

  • 神经系统检查:评估上肢感觉、肌力和反射,寻找神经根受压的证据 3

影像学检查建议

初始影像学选择

  • 如果怀疑颈椎病变(伴有颈部症状、神经根症状或放射痛):首选颈椎X线平片评估骨性结构和退行性改变,如果临床高度怀疑神经根受压,应进行颈椎MRI(不需对比剂)直接显示椎间盘突出和神经根受压 3

  • 如果主要考虑肌肉骨骼问题(单纯局部按压痛,无神经症状):通常不需要立即影像学检查,可先进行保守治疗4-6周 6

  • 如果怀疑肩关节病变:肩关节X线平片(包括前后位、Grashey位、腋位)作为初始检查,如需评估旋转袖等软组织,选择MRI 6

何时需要进一步检查

  • 保守治疗4-6周后症状无改善,应考虑影像学检查 6

  • 出现进行性神经功能缺损、严重疼痛影响生活质量、或怀疑严重病变(肿瘤、感染)时,应尽早影像学检查 6

治疗建议

保守治疗(首选)

  • 姿势矫正和人体工学调整:改善工作站设置,避免长时间低头或前倾姿势,每30-60分钟休息和活动 5

  • 物理治疗:包括热敷、冰敷、软组织按摩、牵伸练习(重点是颈部和肩胛区肌肉)、以及肩胛稳定肌和旋转袖肌群的强化训练 6, 5

  • 药物治疗:非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)用于急性疼痛管理,如果有神经病理性疼痛特征(刺痛、麻木),可考虑普瑞巴林或加巴喷丁 3

  • 局部注射:对于顽固性肌筋膜疼痛,可考虑触发点注射(局麻药或类固醇);如果是颈椎病变引起,可考虑硬膜外类固醇注射 6

何时需要专科转诊

  • 神经外科或脊柱外科:如果颈椎MRI显示明显神经根受压且保守治疗无效,或出现进行性神经功能缺损 3

  • 康复医学科:对于慢性肌筋膜疼痛或姿势相关问题,需要系统的康复治疗计划 5

  • 疼痛科:顽固性疼痛经标准治疗无效时,可考虑介入性疼痛治疗 3

常见误区和注意事项

  • 不要忽视颈椎病变:单纯肩胛区按压痛不一定是局部肌肉问题,可能是颈椎神经根受压的唯一表现,特别是在没有明显外伤史的情况下 3, 4

  • 不要过早影像学检查:对于无红旗征象(red flags)的单纯肌肉骨骼疼痛,应先进行4-6周保守治疗,过早影像学检查可能发现无临床意义的退行性改变,导致过度治疗 6

  • 不要忽视全身症状:如果伴有发热、体重下降、夜间痛或呼吸困难,需要排除感染、肿瘤或内脏疾病引起的牵涉痛 4

  • 避免单纯依赖按摩放松:虽然按摩可以暂时缓解症状,但如果不纠正根本原因(如姿势不良、肌肉不平衡),疼痛会反复发作 5

References

Guideline

Differential Diagnoses for Chronic Shoulder Pain Radiating to the Arm Without Trauma

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Compressive, invasive referred pain to the shoulder.

Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 1983

Guideline

Shoulder Pain Evaluation

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Related Questions

What is the comprehensive approach to diagnosing and managing shoulder pain, including physical examination, differential diagnosis (DD), imaging, and treatment options, including when to consider regenerative medicine, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy?
What is the best approach for managing severe arm and shoulder pain in an 88 Year Old Male (YOM) with no history of trauma?
What is the differential diagnosis of non-traumatic right shoulder joint pain?
What is the differential diagnosis for a patient presenting with shoulder pain?
What is the appropriate initial evaluation and management for a patient presenting with shoulder pain?
When should a patient with a hemoglobin (Hb) level of 8.5 g/dL be sent to the hospital, considering their symptoms and medical history?
What is the interpretation and management of an elevated NT pro BNP (N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide) level in a patient with suspected or diagnosed heart failure, particularly in older adults or those with a history of cardiovascular disease?
What is the best course of action for a patient with a potentially injured left ankle and foot, considering an X-ray and possible further treatment?
What is the most appropriate management for a 6-weeks amenorrheic patient with mild lower pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, low hCG levels, and a 1.2 cm right adnexal mass?
What cardiovascular evaluation and testing are needed for a female patient with hypertension (HTN), factor V Leiden, depression, and morbid obesity, who is being considered for bariatric surgery and has a normal electrocardiogram (EKG) and no reported cardiac symptoms?
What is the appropriate workup for a patient with low libido?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.