Differential Diagnosis for Submandibular Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Submandibular sialadenitis: This is an inflammation of the submandibular gland, often caused by bacterial infection, which can lead to swelling in the submandibular area. It's a common condition that can be acute or chronic and is frequently seen in clinical practice.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Submandibular gland stones (sialolithiasis): Stones in the submandibular gland can cause obstruction and subsequent swelling. This condition is relatively common and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Dental infections: Infections originating from the teeth, especially the lower molars, can spread to the submandibular space and cause swelling.
- Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of the lymph nodes in the submandibular area can cause swelling and is often due to infection.
- Submandibular gland tumors: Both benign (like pleomorphic adenomas) and malignant tumors can cause swelling in the submandibular area, though they are less common than inflammatory conditions.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Ludwig's angina: A severe infection of the submandibular space that can cause significant swelling and is life-threatening if not promptly treated. It's crucial to identify this condition early due to its potential for airway compromise.
- Submandibular abscess: An abscess in the submandibular space can cause severe swelling and is a medical emergency requiring drainage.
- Necrotizing fasciitis: A rare but deadly infection of the soft tissues that can cause swelling and requires immediate medical attention.
Rare Diagnoses
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can cause swelling in the submandibular gland among other symptoms.
- Sjögren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can affect the salivary glands, including the submandibular gland, leading to swelling.
- Kimura disease: A rare, chronic inflammatory disorder that can cause swelling in the submandibular area, often associated with lymphadenopathy and eosinophilia.
- Branchial cleft cysts: Congenital anomalies that can present as swellings in the submandibular area, typically discovered in childhood but can be diagnosed at any age.