Differential Diagnosis for Lateral Foot Swelling and Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: This condition is characterized by compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it travels through the tarsal tunnel, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and swelling in the foot, particularly on the lateral side. The symptoms described are classic for this condition.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Plantar Fasciitis: Although it primarily causes heel pain, plantar fasciitis can lead to swelling and discomfort that might radiate to the lateral foot, potentially irritating the tarsal tunnel.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Conditions like diabetes can cause peripheral neuropathy, leading to nerve damage that might result in similar symptoms to tarsal tunnel syndrome, including foot swelling and pain.
- Foot or Ankle Fracture: Trauma to the foot or ankle can cause swelling and pain, and if the fracture involves the bones near the tarsal tunnel, it could compress the nerve, mimicking tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Although less common in the foot, DVT can cause swelling and pain. Missing this diagnosis could lead to severe consequences, including pulmonary embolism.
- Infection (Cellulitis or Abscess): Infections in the foot can cause swelling, redness, and pain. If not treated promptly, infections can lead to serious complications, including sepsis.
- Compartment Syndrome: This is a condition where pressure within the muscles builds to dangerous levels, reducing blood flow. It can cause pain, swelling, and numbness in the foot and is a medical emergency.
Rare Diagnoses
- Sarcoma or Other Tumors: Rarely, swelling and pain in the foot could be due to a tumor compressing nerves or causing other symptoms.
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which could potentially cause swelling and mimic other conditions.
- Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A chronic pain condition that can cause swelling, among other symptoms, although it is less common in the foot without a clear precipitating injury.