Are Tomatoes Low FODMAP?
Yes, fresh tomatoes are considered low FODMAP and can be included freely during all phases of the low FODMAP diet without concern for triggering FODMAP-related gastrointestinal symptoms. 1
FODMAP Content and Mechanism
Tomatoes lack the problematic short-chain fermentable carbohydrates (oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) that increase small intestinal water volume and colonic gas production, which are the primary mechanisms by which FODMAPs trigger symptoms in individuals with visceral hypersensitivity. 1
The five main FODMAP subgroups that cause symptoms include fructans (found in wheat, onions, garlic), galacto-oligosaccharides (found in beans and legumes), lactose (found in dairy), excess fructose (found in certain fruits and corn syrup), and polyols (found in sugar-free products and certain fruits). 2 Tomatoes do not contain significant amounts of any of these fermentable carbohydrates.
Practical Implementation
The European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility recommends that fresh tomatoes can be included freely during the restriction phase of the low FODMAP diet without concern for triggering symptoms related to FODMAP content. 1
Fresh tomatoes serve as a safe vegetable option for adding flavor and nutrition to meals during the elimination phase, unlike high FODMAP vegetables such as onions and garlic, which must be strictly avoided. 1
When implementing the low FODMAP diet's three-phase process (restriction for 4-6 weeks, reintroduction for 6-10 weeks, and personalization), tomatoes do not need to be eliminated or systematically reintroduced since they are inherently low in FODMAPs. 1
Clinical Context
The low FODMAP diet should be implemented as second-line therapy under supervision of a registered dietitian with gastrointestinal expertise, after first-line traditional dietary advice has failed to provide adequate symptom relief. 1
Approximately 70% of IBS patients respond to the low FODMAP diet during the restriction phase, with particular effectiveness for reducing abdominal bloating and distension. 3