What are the implications of low albumin levels and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels?

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Differential Diagnosis for Low Albumin and High AST/ALT

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Cirrhosis: This condition often leads to low albumin levels due to decreased liver synthesis and high AST/ALT levels due to liver cell injury.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis): Characterized by inflammation and fat accumulation in liver cells, leading to elevated liver enzymes and potentially decreased albumin production.
    • Alcoholic Hepatitis: Direct liver damage from alcohol can cause both elevated liver enzymes and decreased albumin levels.
    • Viral Hepatitis: Acute or chronic infections (e.g., hepatitis B or C) can lead to liver inflammation, elevated AST/ALT, and decreased albumin production.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
    • Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A rare condition involving hepatic vein thrombosis, which can lead to liver dysfunction, including elevated liver enzymes and low albumin, and is potentially life-threatening if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
    • Wilson's Disease: A genetic disorder leading to copper accumulation in the liver, causing liver damage, elevated liver enzymes, and potentially low albumin levels. It's crucial to diagnose early to prevent irreversible liver damage.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A genetic disorder that can cause liver disease, leading to elevated liver enzymes and potentially low albumin levels.
    • Autoimmune Hepatitis: A condition where the body's immune system attacks liver cells, leading to inflammation, elevated liver enzymes, and potentially decreased albumin production.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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