What is the cause of eye pain, photophobia, and a sensation of a foreign body in the eye?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: April 16, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis for Eye Pain, Photophobia, and Sensation of Foreign Body

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Conjunctivitis: This is a common condition that can cause eye pain, photophobia, and a sensation of a foreign body in the eye due to inflammation of the conjunctiva.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Dry Eye Syndrome: This condition can cause a sensation of a foreign body in the eye, eye pain, and photophobia due to inadequate tear production or poor tear quality.
    • Corneal Abrasion: A scratch on the cornea can cause significant eye pain, photophobia, and a sensation of a foreign body, often due to minor trauma.
    • Blepharitis: Inflammation of the eyelids can lead to eye pain, photophobia, and a foreign body sensation, often associated with crusting and redness of the eyelids.
  • Do Not Miss diagnoses:
    • Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma: A medical emergency that can cause severe eye pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. It requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent vision loss.
    • Corneal Ulcer: An infection of the cornea that can cause severe eye pain, photophobia, and a sensation of a foreign body, potentially leading to vision loss if not promptly treated.
    • Endophthalmitis: A severe infection within the eye that can cause eye pain, photophobia, and vision loss, often following eye surgery or trauma.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Scleritis: Inflammation of the sclera (the white part of the eye) that can cause severe eye pain, photophobia, and a sensation of a foreign body, often associated with systemic diseases.
    • Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea (the middle layer of the eye) that can cause eye pain, photophobia, and vision problems, sometimes related to systemic diseases or infections.
    • Keratoconus: A progressive thinning of the cornea that can cause vision problems, eye pain, and photophobia, but less commonly a sensation of a foreign body.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.