Is potassium citrate a suitable treatment option for a patient with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)?

Potassium Citrate is NOT a Recommended Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome

Potassium citrate has no evidence supporting its use for RLS and does not appear in any current treatment guidelines—it should not be used for this indication. 1, 2

Evidence-Based Treatment Algorithm for RLS

First-Line Assessment and Iron Optimization

• Check morning fasting serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (ideally after avoiding iron supplements for 24 hours) in all patients with clinically significant RLS 2
• Supplement with oral ferrous sulfate if ferritin ≤75 ng/mL OR transferrin saturation <20% (these are RLS-specific thresholds, not general population guidelines) 2
• Consider IV ferric carboxymaltose for patients with appropriate iron parameters who don't respond to oral therapy (strong recommendation, moderate certainty) 2

First-Line Pharmacological Treatment

• The American Academy of Sleep Medicine strongly recommends alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin, gabapentin enacarbil, or pregabalin) as first-line therapy for RLS (strong recommendation, moderate certainty of evidence) 1, 2
• These agents are now preferred over dopamine agonists due to lower risk of augmentation—a paradoxical worsening of symptoms with long-term dopaminergic use 2, 3

Medications to Avoid

• The American Academy of Sleep Medicine suggests against standard use of dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole, rotigotine) due to high augmentation risk 1, 2
• The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends against cabergoline (strong recommendation), carbamazepine, clonazepam, valproic acid, and valerian 1, 2

Second-Line Options for Refractory Cases

• Extended-release oxycodone and other low-dose opioids are conditionally recommended for moderate to severe refractory RLS, particularly when treating augmentation from dopaminergic agents 2, 3
• Bilateral high-frequency peroneal nerve stimulation is conditionally recommended as a non-pharmacological option 2

Critical Pitfalls to Avoid

• Do not use unproven supplements like potassium citrate when evidence-based treatments exist—this delays appropriate therapy and allows symptoms to worsen quality of life 1, 2
• Do not use "normal" ferritin cutoffs (>30 ng/mL)—RLS requires ferritin >75 ng/mL for optimal brain iron stores 2
• Address RLS-exacerbating medications including antidopaminergic agents, serotonergic medications (SSRIs), antihistamines, and alcohol/caffeine 2

Why Potassium Citrate Has No Role

The 2025 American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines comprehensively reviewed all available treatments for RLS and found no evidence supporting potassium citrate 1. Even alternative treatments with some preliminary evidence (like vitamin C for ESRD patients or magnesium) receive only conditional recommendations in specific populations 1, 2. Potassium citrate does not appear in any RLS treatment algorithm because there are no studies demonstrating efficacy for this indication.