Differential Diagnosis for Shin Splints
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS): This is the most common cause of shin splints, characterized by pain and inflammation in the lower leg due to repetitive stress on the muscles and bones.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Stress fractures: These are small cracks in the bone that can occur due to overuse or repetitive stress, often causing pain and swelling in the affected area.
- Compartment syndrome: This condition occurs when pressure within the muscle compartments increases, causing pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
- Periostitis: Inflammation of the periosteum, a layer of tissue surrounding the bone, can cause pain and swelling in the lower leg.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Although less common, DVT can cause leg pain and swelling, and if left untreated, can lead to life-threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism.
- Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area, requiring prompt antibiotic treatment to prevent serious complications.
- Rare diagnoses
- Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: A rare condition where the popliteal artery is compressed, causing leg pain, numbness, and weakness.
- Shin splints due to underlying medical conditions (e.g., osteomalacia, hypothyroidism): Certain medical conditions can increase the risk of developing shin splints, and identifying these underlying conditions is crucial for proper management.