What stage of change is an adult smoker with diabetes at, according to the Stages of Change Model, if they acknowledge the health risks of smoking and plan to quit this year?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: January 26, 2026View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Stage of Change: Contemplation

This patient is in the Contemplation stage of the Stages of Change Model. They acknowledge smoking is harmful and plan to quit "this year," which indicates thinking about quitting within the next 6 months but without concrete plans for the immediate future (next 30 days) 1.

Understanding the Stages of Change Model

The Transtheoretical Model categorizes smokers into distinct motivational stages 2:

  • Precontemplation: No thoughts of quitting 2
  • Contemplation: Thinking about quitting within the next 6 months 1
  • Preparation: Planning to quit in the next 30 days 1, 2
  • Action: Successfully quit for up to 6 months 2
  • Maintenance: No smoking for more than 6 months 2

Why This Patient is in Contemplation

The key distinguishing features are:

  • Acknowledges health risks: The patient recognizes smoking is harmful, moving them beyond precontemplation 1
  • Plans to quit "this year": This timeframe (up to 12 months) places them in contemplation rather than preparation 1
  • No immediate action plan: They lack a specific quit date within the next 30 days, which would be required for the preparation stage 1

Clinical Implications for Diabetes Patients

This patient requires specific intervention based on their contemplation stage:

  • Provide brief motivational discussion emphasizing the added risks of smoking combined with diabetes, including heightened cardiovascular disease risk, premature death, and accelerated microvascular complications 1
  • Offer encouragement to move toward setting a quit date while providing support 1
  • Avoid pushing for immediate cessation, as stage-based interventions should match the patient's readiness 2

Common Pitfall to Avoid

Do not misclassify this patient as being in preparation. The preparation stage specifically requires intention to quit within the next 30 days, not just "this year" 1. Research shows that including quit attempts in the preparation stage definition significantly impacts stage distribution, and arbitrary timeframes can lead to misclassification 3.

Answer: B) Contemplation

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Stage-based interventions for smoking cessation.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2010

Research

Assessing 'stage of change' in current and former smokers.

Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2002

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.