What is the Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) in a patient with a Total Leukocyte Count of 500 cells per microliter and 6% neutrophils?

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ANC Calculation

The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is 30 cells/mm³, calculated as: (Total WBC × % neutrophils) = (500 × 0.06) = 30 cells/mm³.

Critical Clinical Context

This patient has profound neutropenia (ANC <100 cells/mm³), placing them at very high risk for life-threatening infections. 1, 2

Important Caveat About This Differential

  • This differential count is unreliable because it was performed on only 10 cells. 3
  • Standard differential counts require evaluation of at least 100 cells to provide statistically valid percentages. 3
  • A 10-cell differential has an unacceptably high margin of error and should not be used for clinical decision-making. 3
  • This result must be repeated with an adequate cell count before making treatment decisions. 3

Neutropenia Classification

Based on the calculated ANC of 30 cells/mm³:

  • This represents Grade 4 (profound) neutropenia, defined as ANC <100 cells/mm³. 2, 4
  • The Infectious Diseases Society of America defines severe neutropenia as ANC <500 cells/mm³, with profound neutropenia at <100 cells/mm³ carrying the highest infection risk. 1, 2

Immediate Clinical Actions Required

If This Count Is Accurate:

  • Implement broad-spectrum prophylactic antimicrobial therapy immediately (fluoroquinolone prophylaxis with levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin). 1, 2
  • Consider G-CSF therapy for anticipated prolonged neutropenia (>7 days). 2
  • Perform daily clinical assessment and CBC monitoring until ANC ≥500 cells/mm³. 2
  • If fever develops (>38.5°C for >1 hour), this constitutes febrile neutropenia—a medical emergency requiring immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. 1, 2

Priority Action:

Repeat the complete blood count with a proper 100-cell manual differential immediately to confirm this critically low ANC before initiating aggressive interventions. 3

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Neutropenia Management and Classification

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Interpretation of Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC)

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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