Medical Terminology for Scalp Dandruff
The medical term for scalp dandruff is seborrheic dermatitis, specifically scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SSD) when referring to the scalp manifestation. 1, 2
Terminology and Classification
- Dandruff represents the mildest form of seborrheic dermatitis, presenting as simple scalp scaling without significant inflammation 2, 3
- In clinical practice, "dandruff" and "seborrheic dermatitis" exist on a spectrum—dandruff refers to mild, non-inflammatory scaling, while seborrheic dermatitis indicates more pronounced inflammation with erythema and greasy scales 3
- The condition is formally classified as seborrheic dermatitis in medical literature and diagnostic coding, with scalp involvement being the most common presentation 4, 5
Key Clinical Distinctions
- The scales in seborrheic dermatitis are greasy, not dry, which is a common misconception 3
- Scalp involvement may be misdiagnosed as simple dandruff when it actually represents true seborrheic dermatitis requiring medical treatment 1
- The condition presents as generalized, diffuse scaling of the scalp that can resemble fungal infections 6
Pathophysiology
- The underlying mechanism involves Malassezia species metabolizing sebum triglycerides, producing irritating free fatty acids that trigger inflammation 1
- Contributing factors include sebum production, bacterial proliferation (Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus, and M. restricta), and host immunity factors 5
Important Clinical Pitfall
- Do not confuse seborrheic dermatitis with other scalp conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, tinea capitis, or contact dermatitis, as these require different treatment approaches 1, 2
- In infants, it can be difficult to separate seborrheic dermatitis from atopic dermatitis, though seborrheic dermatitis typically affects the groin and axillary regions and tends not to be pruritic 7