What is the diagnosis for a 21-year-old female experiencing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), significant weight loss, and nausea, with no relief from omeprazole (prilosec)?

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Last updated: April 16, 2025 • View editorial policy

Differential Diagnosis for 21y F with Acid Indigestion, Weight Loss, Nausea, and No Relief from Omeprazole

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis + Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with inadequate response to omeprazole or non-adherence: This is a common condition that could explain the symptoms of acid indigestion and nausea. The lack of response to omeprazole might indicate the need for a higher dose, a different proton pump inhibitor, or adherence issues.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses + Peptic ulcer disease: The symptoms of acid indigestion and nausea could be indicative of a peptic ulcer, especially if the patient has been taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or has a history of Helicobacter pylori infection. + Functional dyspepsia: This condition involves persistent or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort that is not explained by other pathologic conditions. It could be a consideration if other diagnoses are ruled out. + Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Although less common, IBD (including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) could present with weight loss, nausea, and abdominal discomfort, and might not respond to omeprazole.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses + Gastric cancer: Although rare in young individuals, gastric cancer is a critical diagnosis not to miss, as it can present with nonspecific symptoms like weight loss, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. + Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by excessive gastric acid production due to a gastrin-secreting tumor, which could explain the lack of response to omeprazole. + Eosinophilic esophagitis: An immune system disorder that could cause difficulty swallowing, food impaction, and heartburn, which might not respond to standard acid reflux treatment.
  • Rare Diagnoses + Celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine, which could cause weight loss, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. + Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach takes too long to empty its contents, which could lead to nausea, vomiting, and weight loss, and might not respond to typical treatments for acid reflux. + Intestinal lymphoma: A type of cancer that affects the immune system and could present with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, including weight loss and nausea.

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