What is the cause of vesicles (blisters) on the hands, feet, and mouth, also known as Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)?

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Differential Diagnosis for Blister on Hand, Feet, and Mouth

  • Single most likely diagnosis:
    • Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD): This is the most likely diagnosis due to the characteristic presentation of blisters on the hands, feet, and mouth, commonly seen in children. It is usually caused by coxsackievirus A or enterovirus 71.
  • Other Likely diagnoses:
    • Herpangina: Similar to HFMD, herpangina is caused by coxsackieviruses and presents with mouth blisters, but it less commonly affects the hands and feet.
    • Eczema Coxsackium (Eczema Herpeticum): A spread of herpes simplex virus within an area of eczema, which can cause blisters on the hands and feet if the eczema is present in these areas.
    • Impetigo: A bacterial infection that can cause blisters on the hands and feet, though it less commonly affects the mouth.
  • Do Not Miss diagnoses:
    • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN): Although rare, these are life-threatening conditions that can present with blisters and skin peeling, often due to a drug reaction. Early recognition is crucial.
    • Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): Caused by staphylococcal toxins, SSSS can present with widespread blistering and peeling skin, which can be fatal if not promptly treated.
  • Rare diagnoses:
    • Pemphigus: An autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, which could potentially involve the hands, feet, and mouth.
    • Epidermolysis Bullosa: A group of genetic conditions that result in fragile skin and blisters, which could be exacerbated by minor trauma to the hands, feet, and mouth.
    • Kawasaki Disease: Although primarily known for its fever, rash, and lymph node involvement, Kawasaki disease can occasionally present with oral mucosal changes and might rarely cause blister-like lesions on the hands and feet.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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