What is the relationship between substance (drug) abuse and intestinal (bowel) obstruction?

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Last updated: February 15, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Relationship Between Substance Abuse and Intestinal Obstruction

The relationship between substance abuse and intestinal obstruction is complex and has been studied in various research papers.

  • Substance abuse, particularly opioid and alcohol abuse, can lead to intestinal obstruction and pseudo-obstruction 1, 2, 3.
  • Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distension, which can lead to intestinal obstruction 1.
  • Alcohol abuse has been linked to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), a rare syndrome that mimics the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without an anatomic lesion causing obstruction 2.
  • Narcotic bowel syndrome, associated with prolonged use or abuse of narcotic analgesics, can cause chronic abdominal pain, vomiting, weight loss, and features of intestinal pseudo-obstruction 3.

Gastrointestinal Complications of Substance Abuse

Substance abuse can lead to various gastrointestinal complications, including:

  • Gastrointestinal obstruction and perforation 4, 5
  • Intestinal pseudo-obstruction 2, 3
  • Gastric outlet obstruction and small bowel obstruction 1
  • Abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia 1

Drug-Induced Gastrointestinal Obstruction

Certain drugs, including prescription medications, can cause gastrointestinal obstruction and perforation 5.

  • The Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database identified 11,351 occurrences of drug-induced gastrointestinal obstruction and perforation between 2004 and 2020 5.
  • The most common drugs associated with gastrointestinal obstruction and perforation were barium sulfate containing X-ray media, drugs for treatment of hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia, and oral bowel cleanser 5.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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