What is erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)?

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Last updated: April 17, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum, is a common childhood viral infection caused by parvovirus B19 that typically requires only supportive treatment as it is usually mild and self-limiting in healthy children. The disease presents with a distinctive "slapped cheek" rash on the face followed by a lace-like rash on the trunk and limbs. For fever or discomfort, acetaminophen (10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours, not exceeding 5 doses in 24 hours) or ibuprofen (5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours with food) can be used 1. However, the provided study 1 does not offer any relevant information regarding the treatment or management of fifth disease, as it focuses on the relationship between muscle surface pH and noninvasive hemodynamic studies in arterial occlusive diseases. Key aspects of managing fifth disease include:

  • Rest
  • Adequate hydration
  • Avoiding contact with pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, as the virus can cause complications in these groups
  • Monitoring for rare but more serious complications, particularly in people with certain blood disorders or compromised immune systems. The disease spreads through respiratory secretions and is most contagious before the rash appears. Most people develop immunity after infection, and symptoms typically resolve within 1-3 weeks without specific treatment.

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