Is trazodone (an antidepressant medication) associated with bradycardia (abnormally slow heart rate)?

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From the Guidelines

Trazodone puede causar bradicardia como efecto secundario, por lo que es fundamental monitorear la frecuencia cardíaca en pacientes que toman este medicamento, especialmente en aquellos con antecedentes de problemas cardíacos o que toman otros medicamentos que pueden afectar la frecuencia cardíaca. La bradicardia se refiere a una frecuencia cardíaca anormalmente lenta, y según la guía de 2019 de la American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association [ 1 ], las manifestaciones clínicas de la bradicardia pueden variar desde síntomas insidiosos hasta episodios de síncope franca.

Los pacientes que toman trazodone y experimentan síntomas como mareos, fatiga, debilidad o, en casos graves, desmayos, deben comunicarse de inmediato con su proveedor de atención médica. El riesgo de bradicardia es mayor en pacientes ancianos, aquellos con condiciones cardíacas preexistentes o cuando trazodone se combina con otros medicamentos que ralentizan la frecuencia cardíaca.

Es importante destacar que la guía [ 1 ] define la "bradicardia sintomática" como una bradiarritmia documentada que es directamente responsable del desarrollo de manifestaciones clínicas como síncope, presíncope, mareos transitorios o lightheadedness, síntomas de insuficiencia cardíaca o estados confusionales resultantes de hipoperfusión cerebral atribuible a una frecuencia cardíaca lenta. Por lo tanto, si se sospecha que trazodone está causando bradicardia, el médico puede necesitar ajustar la dosis, cambiar la medicación o monitorear la función cardíaca más de cerca. Nunca se debe dejar de tomar trazodone repentinamente sin supervisión médica, ya que esto puede causar síntomas de abstinencia.

From the FDA Drug Label

Occasional sinus bradycardia has occurred in long-term studies. Cardiac disorders: cardio spasm, congestive heart failure, conduction block, orthostatic hypotension and syncope, palpitations, bradycardia, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, ventricular ectopic activity, including ventricular tachycardia and QT prolongation. Trazodone Hydrochloride Tablets should also be avoided in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as other circumstances that may increase the risk of the occurrence of torsade de pointes and/or sudden death, including symptomatic bradycardia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, and the presence of congenital prolongation of the QT interval

Trazodone puede causar bradicardia. Se han reportado casos de bradicardia sinusoidal ocasional en estudios a largo plazo 2. Además, se han identificado trastornos cardíacos como bradicardia en la experiencia post-comercialización 2. Es importante tener cuidado al administrar Trazodone a pacientes con enfermedad cardíaca, especialmente aquellos con antecedentes de arritmias cardíacas o circunstancias que puedan aumentar el riesgo de torsade de pointes y/o muerte súbita, incluyendo bradicardia sintomática 2.

From the Research

Trazodone and Bradycardia

  • Trazodone is an antidepressant that has been investigated for its potential to cause bradycardia, a heart rate of less than 50-60 bpm 3.
  • Studies have shown that trazodone can induce QT prolongation, cardiac arrhythmia, and ventricular tachycardia, suggesting a potential link to bradycardia 3.
  • The cellular mechanism of trazodone-induced cardiotoxicity involves the inhibition of cardiac ion channels, including hERG, which can lead to prolonged AP duration and decreased Vmax 3.

Clinical Implications

  • Clinicians should be aware of the potential risk of bradycardia when prescribing trazodone, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease 4, 5.
  • The treatment of bradycardia typically involves the placement of a cardiac pacemaker, but pharmacologic therapy may be considered in patients who refuse or cannot tolerate pacemaker insertion 6.
  • Theophylline has emerged as a potential alternative strategy for the medical management of bradycardia in the elderly, with dosages between 400 and 600 mg/d administered in divided doses 6.

Key Findings

  • Trazodone has been shown to be effective in treating depression and insomnia, but its use may be limited by its potential to cause bradycardia and other cardiovascular adverse effects 4, 5.
  • Further studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between trazodone and bradycardia, as well as to develop strategies for minimizing the risk of cardiotoxicity 3.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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