Differential Diagnosis for Dry Skin and Flaky Skin on Scalp
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis): This is the most common cause of dry, flaky skin on the scalp. It is characterized by a red, itchy scalp with white or yellowish flakes. The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be related to a combination of factors including oil production, sensitivity to hair care products, and the presence of a yeast-like fungus.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Psoriasis: An autoimmune condition that speeds up the life cycle of skin cells, causing them to build up rapidly on the surface of the scalp. This leads to scales and red patches that can be itchy and painful.
- Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): A condition that makes the skin red and itchy, and can cause dry, flaky patches on the scalp. It is often associated with allergies and asthma.
- Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction to hair care products or other substances that come into contact with the scalp, leading to redness, itching, and flaky skin.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Ringworm of the Scalp (Tinea Capitis): A fungal infection that can cause patches of hair loss, redness, and flaky skin on the scalp. It is highly contagious and requires prompt treatment to prevent spread.
- Lupus: An autoimmune disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin rashes and lesions on the scalp. It is important to consider lupus in patients with a history of autoimmune disorders or other systemic symptoms.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Pityriasis Amiantacea: A rare condition characterized by thick, yellowish scales on the scalp, often associated with psoriasis or eczema.
- Lichen Planus: An autoimmune condition that can cause purplish, itchy, flat bumps on the skin, including the scalp. It is rare and often associated with other systemic symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: A condition in which inflammatory cells form lumps known as granulomas in various parts of the body, including the skin and scalp. It can cause a variety of skin symptoms, including dry, flaky patches.