What antibiotics (abx) cover Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sinus infections?

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Antibiotics for Pseudomonas in Sinus Infections

For Pseudomonas aeruginosa sinusitis, use ciprofloxacin 750 mg orally twice daily for 14 days as first-line oral therapy, or an intravenous antipseudomonal β-lactam (ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, or meropenem) for severe infections. 1, 2

First-Line Oral Therapy

  • Ciprofloxacin 750 mg PO twice daily for 14 days is the only reliable oral antibiotic with consistent Pseudomonas coverage for sinus infections 1, 2
  • This high-dose regimen (not 500 mg) is essential because lower doses fail to achieve adequate sinus tissue concentrations 1
  • Levofloxacin 750 mg PO daily is a second-line alternative, though it is less potent against Pseudomonas than ciprofloxacin 1, 3

Intravenous Options for Severe Infections

When patients are severely ill, immunocompromised, or have failed oral therapy, use IV antipseudomonal agents:

  • Ceftazidime 2g IV every 8 hours 1
  • Cefepime 2g IV every 8 hours 1
  • Piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5g IV every 6 hours (use extended 4-hour infusion for critically ill patients) 1
  • Meropenem 1g IV every 8 hours 1

When to Use Combination Therapy

Add a second antipseudomonal agent from a different class in these scenarios:

  • Critically ill or septic patients 1
  • Immunocompromised hosts 4
  • Prior fluoroquinolone use within 90 days (increases resistance risk) 2, 5
  • Documented multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas 1

Combination regimens: Antipseudomonal β-lactam PLUS either ciprofloxacin 400mg IV every 8 hours OR tobramycin 5-7 mg/kg IV daily 1

Critical Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Never use standard sinusitis antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, or macrolides—these have zero activity against Pseudomonas 6, 1, 4
  • Do not underdose ciprofloxacin—500 mg twice daily is insufficient; you must use 750 mg twice daily 1
  • Avoid empiric fluoroquinolones without culture confirmation, as 13-20% of sinus Pseudomonas isolates are already fluoroquinolone-resistant, especially in post-surgical patients 5
  • Obtain sinus cultures before starting antibiotics to guide therapy, particularly in patients with prior sinus surgery where Pseudomonas is cultured in nearly 20% of cases 4, 5

Special Populations

Post-surgical chronic rhinosinusitis patients:

  • Pseudomonas is isolated in nearly 1 in 5 patients with previous endoscopic sinus surgery 5
  • Mucoid strains are significantly more likely to be fluoroquinolone-resistant 5
  • Always obtain culture-directed therapy rather than empiric treatment 5

Immunocompromised patients:

  • Pseudomonas has emerged as a major pathogen in immunocompromised hosts and those with nasal tubes or catheters 4
  • Combination IV therapy is strongly recommended over monotherapy 1, 4

Treatment Duration and Monitoring

  • Standard duration: 14 days for documented Pseudomonas sinus infections 1, 2
  • If no clinical improvement by day 3-5 on oral therapy, switch to IV combination therapy 1
  • Monitor for resistance development, particularly with monotherapy 1, 5

Resistance Considerations

  • Ciprofloxacin resistance (5-13%) is lower than levofloxacin resistance (13-18%) in sinus Pseudomonas isolates 5
  • Resistance rates have remained stable but emphasize the need for culture-directed therapy 5
  • In vitro susceptibility testing is essential before prolonged therapy 2, 5

References

Guideline

Antibiotics Effective Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Oral Antibiotics for Pseudomonas Infection

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Microbiology and antimicrobial management of sinusitis.

The Journal of laryngology and otology, 2005

Research

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic rhinosinusitis.

ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties, 2009

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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