Can untreated Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) infection cause postcoital bleeding?

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Last updated: April 17, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Yes, untreated chlamydia can cause post-coital bleeding due to the inflammation of the cervix, which makes the cervical tissue more fragile and prone to bleeding during or after sexual intercourse. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause several important sequelae in women, including PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility, as reported in the 2006 study on sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 1. The infection can lead to subclinical upper reproductive tract infection, even in women with uncomplicated cervical infection. Post-coital bleeding is a symptom that requires medical attention for testing and treatment. The standard treatment for chlamydia typically involves antibiotics, such as azithromycin or doxycycline, and it is essential to complete the full course of treatment and abstain from sexual activity until treatment is complete. Partners should also be tested and treated to prevent reinfection. Key points to consider include:

  • Chlamydia can cause cervicitis, leading to post-coital bleeding
  • Untreated chlamydia can lead to serious complications, including PID, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility, as noted in the study 1
  • Prompt medical attention and treatment are necessary to prevent long-term consequences
  • Partners should be tested and treated to prevent reinfection
  • Completing the full course of antibiotics and abstaining from sexual activity until treatment is complete are crucial for effective treatment.

From the Research

Untreated Chlamydia and Post Coital Bleeding

  • Untreated chlamydia can lead to serious complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • PID is an infection of the upper genital tract that can cause chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and intra-abdominal infections 2.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of PID, and untreated infection can result in serious complications such as PID, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy in women 3.
  • While the studies do not directly address post coital bleeding, they suggest that untreated chlamydia can lead to PID, which may cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, including post coital bleeding 2, 4.
  • The exact relationship between untreated chlamydia and post coital bleeding is not explicitly stated in the studies, but it is possible that PID caused by untreated chlamydia may contribute to post coital bleeding 2, 4.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chlamydia

  • Chlamydia trachomatis infections can be diagnosed through screening, and treatment typically involves antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline 3, 6.
  • The effectiveness of treatment for chlamydia infections can vary depending on the antibiotic used and the location of the infection (e.g., rectal vs. vaginal) 6.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of chlamydia are crucial to prevent complications such as PID and to reduce the risk of transmission to others 2, 3, 4, 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Infectious Vaginitis, Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

The Medical clinics of North America, 2023

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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