Differential Diagnosis for On and Off Daily Fevers in a Toddler
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Viral Infections: The most common cause of intermittent fevers in toddlers is viral infections, such as the common cold, influenza, or gastrointestinal viruses. These infections are prevalent in this age group due to their exposure to various pathogens and their underdeveloped immune systems.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Bacterial Infections: Bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis, urinary tract infections, or pneumonia can also cause intermittent fevers in toddlers.
- Teething: Teething can cause intermittent fevers, especially if the toddler is experiencing discomfort or pain during the teething process.
- Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to food, environment, or medications can sometimes manifest as intermittent fevers.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Meningitis: Although rare, bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. It can present with intermittent fevers, along with other symptoms like headache, stiff neck, and vomiting.
- Sepsis: Sepsis is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can cause intermittent fevers, along with other symptoms like lethargy, poor feeding, and respiratory distress.
- Kawasaki Disease: Kawasaki disease is a rare condition that can cause intermittent fevers, along with other symptoms like rash, conjunctivitis, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, it can lead to serious cardiac complications.
Rare Diagnoses
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: This is a chronic autoimmune disease that can cause intermittent fevers, along with joint pain and swelling.
- Cyclic Neutropenia: This is a rare genetic disorder that can cause intermittent fevers, along with other symptoms like mouth sores and infections.
- Periodic Fever Syndromes: These are a group of rare genetic disorders that can cause recurrent and intermittent fevers, often without any other symptoms.