Differential Diagnosis for SOB with TB
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB): This is the most likely diagnosis given the presence of TB, as shortness of breath (SOB) is a common symptom of pulmonary TB due to the infection's impact on lung function.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Pneumonia: Co-infection with pneumonia is possible, especially in immunocompromised patients, and could exacerbate SOB.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Patients with TB may also have COPD, which can cause SOB due to airflow limitation.
- Pleural Effusion: TB can cause pleural effusion, leading to SOB due to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, pulmonary embolism can occur in patients with TB, especially those with prolonged bed rest or other risk factors, and is life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Cardiac Tamponade: TB can cause pericardial effusion leading to cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate intervention.
- Pneumothorax: Spontaneous pneumothorax can occur in patients with TB, particularly those with cavitation, and is a medical emergency.
- Rare diagnoses
- Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis: A rare condition where cancer spreads to the lymphatic vessels in the lungs, causing SOB, and could be considered in patients with TB and unexplained worsening of symptoms.
- Sarcoidosis: Although rare, sarcoidosis can mimic TB and cause SOB due to granulomatous inflammation in the lungs.
- Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A rare condition characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the lungs, which can cause SOB and might be considered in patients with atypical presentations.