How does a glycerin (Glycerol) suppository work, and what is its onset of action?

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Last updated: April 18, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Glycerin suppositories work by drawing water into the rectum, which softens stool and stimulates bowel movements through local irritation, and they typically produce results within 15-30 minutes, making them effective for quick relief of constipation. To use, insert one suppository rectally after removing the wrapper, and try to hold it in place for at least 15 minutes to allow it to dissolve and take effect. The standard adult dose is one 2-3 gram suppository, while children typically use smaller 1-1.5 gram versions. Glycerin works locally in the rectum rather than being absorbed systemically, making it relatively safe for occasional use. However, these suppositories should not be used regularly as they can create dependence, and they're not appropriate for severe constipation or if you have rectal bleeding. Side effects are minimal but may include rectal irritation or burning. If constipation persists beyond a week or recurs frequently, consult a healthcare provider as this could indicate an underlying condition requiring different treatment, as suggested by 1. Some key points to consider when using glycerin suppositories include:

  • They are effective for quick relief of constipation, with results typically seen within 15-30 minutes 1
  • They should be used occasionally, as regular use can lead to dependence
  • They are not suitable for severe constipation or rectal bleeding
  • Side effects are generally minimal, but may include rectal irritation or burning
  • If constipation persists, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider to rule out underlying conditions, as recommended by 1.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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