Differential Diagnosis for 22-year-old Female with Sunburn Facial Rash
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Polymorphic Light Eruption (PMLE): This is a common condition characterized by a skin rash that occurs after exposure to sunlight, often resembling a sunburn. The presence of bumps on the bilateral cheeks and a healing sunburn appearance on the forehead, following recent sun exposure, makes PMLE a highly plausible diagnosis.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Sunburn: Direct damage to the skin from UV radiation, leading to inflammation and potentially causing bumps or a rash, especially if the sun exposure was intense and protective measures were not taken.
- Rosacea: A chronic skin condition that can cause redness, bumps, and sensitivity, often exacerbated by sun exposure. The description of bumps on the cheeks could align with rosacea, especially if the patient has a history of similar symptoms.
- Contact Dermatitis: An allergic reaction or irritation from substances coming into contact with the skin, which could be exacerbated or triggered by sun exposure. This could include reactions to sunscreen, makeup, or other topical products.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lupus Erythematosus: A chronic autoimmune disease that can cause a butterfly-shaped rash on the face, which may be triggered or worsened by sun exposure. Missing this diagnosis could lead to significant morbidity due to the systemic nature of lupus.
- Dermatomyositis: An inflammatory disease characterized by skin rash and muscle weakness. The facial rash can be similar to sunburn and may be exacerbated by sun exposure. This condition requires prompt diagnosis due to its association with underlying malignancies and autoimmune disorders.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pellagra: A disease caused by a lack of the vitamin niacin (vitamin B3), which can lead to dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and potentially death if left untreated. The dermatitis associated with pellagra can resemble sunburn and may be triggered by sun exposure.
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: A disorder that results from a deficiency of the enzyme responsible for the production of heme, a vital molecule for all of the body's organs. It can cause blistering of the skin upon exposure to sunlight, which might initially resemble a severe sunburn or rash.