When should I get screened for Hepatitis B (HB) via Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test after a needle prick exposure?

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Pagkatapos ng Needle Prick: Kailan Magpa-HBsAg Screening para sa Hepatitis B

Dapat kang magpa-HBsAg screening 6 buwan pagkatapos ng needle prick exposure kung hindi ka pa napatunayan na may immunity (anti-HBs positive) mula sa nakaraang bakuna. 1

Immediate Actions (Hindi Screening)

Ang unang hakbang pagkatapos ng needle prick ay hindi HBsAg screening para sa iyong sarili—ito ay para sa source patient (ang taong pinagmulan ng karayom). 1

Agad na Gawin sa Loob ng 24 Oras:

  • I-test ang source patient para sa HBsAg upang malaman kung ikaw ay na-expose sa Hepatitis B. 1, 2
  • Kung HBsAg-positive ang source: Kailangan mo ng HBIG (0.06 mL/kg) at hepatitis B vaccine booster sa loob ng 24 oras, lalo na kung hindi mo alam ang iyong anti-HBs status o kung wala kang dokumentadong immunity. 1, 3, 2
  • Kung hindi alam ang HBsAg status ng source: Simulan ang hepatitis B vaccine series agad, preferably sa loob ng 24 oras. 1
  • Ang effectiveness ng HBIG ay bumababa significantly kung ibibigay lampas ng 7 araw pagkatapos ng percutaneous exposure. 3, 2

Kailan ang Actual HBsAg Screening Para sa Iyo

Kung Wala Kang Nakaraang Bakuna:

  • Walang immediate HBsAg screening para sa iyo mismo pagkatapos ng exposure. 1
  • Magsimula ng hepatitis B vaccine series agad. 1
  • Mag-HBsAg at anti-HBs testing sa 6 buwan pagkatapos ng exposure para malaman kung nahawa ka o nag-develop ng immunity mula sa bakuna. 1

Kung May Nakaraang Bakuna Pero Hindi Alam ang Immunity Status:

  • I-test ang anti-HBs (hindi HBsAg) agad bago magbigay ng treatment para malaman kung protected ka na. 4, 5
  • Kung anti-HBs ay <10 mIU/mL at HBsAg-positive ang source: Kailangan ng HBIG at vaccine booster. 1, 4
  • Ulitin ang anti-HBs testing 4-6 buwan pagkatapos kung nakatanggap ng HBIG (para hindi ma-detect ang passive antibodies mula sa HBIG). 1, 4
  • Mag-HBsAg testing sa 6 buwan kung hindi ka napatunayan na anti-HBs positive. 1

Kung May Dokumentadong Immunity (Anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL):

  • Walang kailangang HBsAg screening o treatment pagkatapos ng exposure. 3, 5
  • Ang immunocompetent persons na tumugon sa bakuna ay may long-term protection kahit bumaba ang anti-HBs levels. 5

Common Pitfalls na Iwasan

  • Huwag maghintay ng test results bago magbigay ng prophylaxis—ang 24-hour window ay critical, at ang pagbibigay ng HBIG sa taong may immunity ay walang harm. 3, 5
  • Huwag mag-assume ng immunity kung walang dokumentadong serologic testing pagkatapos ng bakuna. 3, 5
  • Huwag kalimutan ang 6-month follow-up testing para sa hepatitis B (at hepatitis C at HIV). 1
  • Huwag gumamit ng HBsAg para i-screen ang exposed person agad—ang HBsAg ay para sa source patient o para sa follow-up screening ng exposed person sa 6 buwan. 1, 4

Bakit 6 Buwan ang Follow-up?

Ang incubation period ng Hepatitis B ay maaaring umabot ng ilang buwan, at ang 6-month timeframe ay nagbibigay ng sapat na panahon para ma-detect ang chronic infection (HBsAg persistence >6 months) at para ma-assess ang immune response sa bakuna. 1, 6

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Hepatitis B Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Management of Needlestick Injury from HBsAg-Positive Source in Previously Vaccinated Healthcare Provider

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Guideline

Hepatitis B Post-Exposure Prophylaxis After Needle Stick Injury with Prior Vaccination

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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