What is pityriasis rosea?

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Last updated: April 20, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Pityriasis rosea is a common, acute, self-limited papulosquamous dermatosis that primarily affects children and young adults, characterized by a herald patch followed by smaller, oval-shaped, scaly pink patches that often form a pattern resembling a Christmas tree on the trunk and upper extremities. The condition usually resolves on its own within 6-8 weeks without treatment 1. For symptom relief, over-the-counter antihistamines like diphenhydramine (25-50mg every 4-6 hours) or cetirizine (10mg daily) can help with itching, while moisturizers and lukewarm oatmeal baths can soothe the skin. In more severe cases, topical corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% cream applied twice daily to affected areas may provide relief. The exact cause remains unknown, though it's believed to be triggered by a viral infection, particularly human herpesvirus 6 or 7 2. Pityriasis rosea is not contagious through direct contact, and recurrence is rare, affecting only about 2-3% of patients. While uncomfortable, the condition leaves no permanent scarring once healed.

Some key features of pityriasis rosea include:

  • A herald patch, which is a single, larger patch that appears before the smaller patches 1
  • Smaller, oval-shaped, scaly pink patches that form a pattern resembling a Christmas tree on the trunk and upper extremities 1
  • The condition usually resolves on its own within 6-8 weeks without treatment 1
  • Symptom relief can be achieved with over-the-counter antihistamines, moisturizers, and lukewarm oatmeal baths 1
  • Topical corticosteroids like hydrocortisone 1% cream may provide relief in more severe cases 3

It's worth noting that the exact cause of pityriasis rosea remains unknown, but it's believed to be triggered by a viral infection, particularly human herpesvirus 6 or 7 2. Additionally, pityriasis rosea is not contagious through direct contact, and recurrence is rare, affecting only about 2-3% of patients. While uncomfortable, the condition leaves no permanent scarring once healed. The most recent and highest quality study suggests that pityriasis rosea is a self-limited exanthem associated with the endogenous systemic reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 and HHV-7 2.

References

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