What is the Submandibular Gland?
The submandibular gland is one of the three paired major salivary glands that produces saliva and drains into the floor of the mouth through Wharton's duct, located on either side of the lingual frenulum. 1
Anatomical Classification and Location
The submandibular gland is classified as one of the major salivary glands, alongside the parotid and sublingual glands. 1, 2 It is positioned inferior to the body of the mandible in the submandibular triangle of the neck. 1
Functional Role in Saliva Production
In resting (unstimulated) conditions, the submandibular gland is the dominant producer of whole saliva, contributing approximately 72% of total saliva production. 3 In contrast, the parotid gland contributes only 20% and the sublingual gland approximately 8% during resting states. 3
The gland functions as an accessory digestive organ, producing saliva with multiple properties including:
Drainage Pathway
Saliva from the submandibular gland drains through the submandibular duct (Wharton's duct) into the floor of the mouth, with the opening located on either side of the lingual frenulum. 1
Clinical Significance
The submandibular gland is particularly susceptible to sialolithiasis (salivary stone formation) due to the anatomical characteristics of its duct system. 1 This makes it a common site for obstructive salivary gland disease. 4
The gland's superficial location makes it amenable to evaluation with high-resolution ultrasound as a first-line imaging modality. 3 For complex pathology including tumors, MRI accurately depicts the anatomy of the floor of the mouth, which is imperative for preoperative staging. 3