Differential Diagnosis for Pediatric Hypothermia
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Accidental exposure: This is the most common cause of hypothermia in children, often due to environmental exposure, inadequate clothing, or being left unattended in a cold environment.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Inadequate heating in the home: This can occur in poorly insulated homes or during power outages, especially in low-income families.
- Near-drowning: Hypothermia can occur quickly in cold water, and children who have experienced near-drowning may present with hypothermia.
- Sepsis: Severe infections can cause hypothermia, especially in newborns and young infants.
- Environmental exposure during outdoor activities: Children participating in outdoor sports or activities without proper gear can be at risk for hypothermia.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Hypothyroidism: Untreated congenital hypothyroidism can cause hypothermia, and it is crucial to diagnose and treat this condition promptly.
- Adrenal insufficiency: This condition can cause hypothermia, and missing the diagnosis can be life-threatening.
- Severe trauma: Hypothermia can occur in children with severe trauma, especially if they are exposed to cold environments during transport or treatment.
- Toxic ingestions: Certain substances, such as barbiturates or alcohol, can cause hypothermia, and prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent further complications.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pituitary gland disorders: Certain disorders affecting the pituitary gland, such as hypopituitarism, can cause hypothermia.
- Anaphylaxis: Rarely, anaphylaxis can cause hypothermia, especially if the child is exposed to cold during the reaction.
- Neurological disorders: Certain neurological conditions, such as Shapiro syndrome, can cause hypothermia.
- Malnutrition: Severe malnutrition can increase the risk of hypothermia, especially in children with limited access to food and warmth.