Differential Diagnosis for a 7-year-old with Cough and Hives
Single most likely diagnosis
- Allergic Rhinitis: This condition is common in children and can cause cough and hives due to allergic reactions. The symptoms can come and go depending on exposure to allergens.
Other Likely diagnoses
- Asthma: Often presents with cough, and in some cases, can be associated with allergic reactions leading to hives. The symptoms can be intermittent.
- Viral Exanthem: Various viral infections can cause rashes (hives) and respiratory symptoms like cough. The intermittent nature of symptoms could fit this diagnosis.
- Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): While primarily a skin condition, atopic dermatitis can sometimes present with hives and is often associated with other atopic conditions like asthma, which could explain the cough.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed)
- Anaphylaxis: Although typically presents with more severe and immediate symptoms, anaphylaxis can sometimes have a slower onset. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis due to its potential lethality.
- Hereditary Angioedema: A rare but life-threatening condition that can cause hives and respiratory symptoms. It's essential to rule out this condition due to its potential for airway compromise.
Rare diagnoses
- Mastocytosis: A condition characterized by an accumulation of mast cells in the body, which can lead to hives and other systemic symptoms, including respiratory issues.
- Autoimmune Disorders (e.g., Lupus): While rare in children, autoimmune disorders can sometimes present with a wide range of symptoms, including skin rashes and respiratory issues.
- Parasitic Infections: Certain parasitic infections can cause allergic reactions leading to hives and respiratory symptoms, though this would be less common in many parts of the world without specific exposures.