Differential Diagnosis for Wrist Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Tendinitis or Tenosynovitis: This condition is characterized by inflammation of the tendons or their surrounding sheaths, which could explain the pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the wrist. The location on the medial (inner) side of the wrist and the radiating pain up the forearm are consistent with this diagnosis, particularly if it involves the flexor tendons.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Wrist Sprain: A sprain could result from a sudden twisting injury, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility. The medial aspect of the wrist is a common area for sprains due to the anatomy and common mechanisms of injury.
- Ganglion Cyst: Although often painless, a ganglion cyst on the medial wrist could cause discomfort, especially if it compresses nearby nerves or tendons, leading to radiating pain.
- Median Nerve Compression (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome): This condition could cause pain, numbness, and tingling in the wrist and forearm, particularly on the medial side, due to compression of the median nerve.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Infectious Arthritis or Septic Joint: Although less common, an infection within the wrist joint is a medical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe joint damage.
- Fracture (e.g., Scaphoid Fracture): A fracture, especially of the scaphoid bone, might not always be immediately apparent on initial examination and could lead to significant complications if not properly diagnosed and treated.
- Compartment Syndrome: This is a serious condition that occurs when pressure within the muscle compartments increases, potentially leading to muscle and nerve damage. It's crucial to identify and treat promptly.
Rare Diagnoses
- Tumor (Benign or Malignant): Although rare, tumors can cause localized pain, swelling, and limited mobility. Examples include giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath or other soft tissue sarcomas.
- Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis): This condition involves the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply and could potentially occur in the wrist bones, leading to pain and swelling.
- Rheumatologic Conditions (e.g., Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis): These conditions can cause wrist pain, swelling, and stiffness, often as part of a systemic disease process.