A female patient with knee pathology who has been advised to undergo surgery but fears surgical complications and is unaware of the risks of not having surgery—what stage of change is she in?

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Stage of Change: Pre-Contemplation

This patient is in the Pre-Contemplation stage of change. She has been advised to undergo surgery but is unaware of the risks of not having the procedure, which is the defining characteristic of pre-contemplation—lack of awareness or engagement with the problem and its consequences 1, 2.

Rationale for Pre-Contemplation Classification

The patient demonstrates the hallmark features of pre-contemplation:

  • Lack of awareness of non-surgical risks: She is "unaware about complications if she will not do the surgery," indicating she has not fully engaged with understanding her condition's natural progression 1.

  • Fear without informed understanding: While she expresses fear of surgical complications, this represents an emotional barrier rather than informed decision-making, which is characteristic of someone who has not yet contemplated the full scope of their situation 1, 2.

  • Not actively considering treatment options: True contemplation requires weighing both the risks of action AND inaction. This patient is only focused on surgical fears without understanding the alternative pathway 1, 3.

Why This Is NOT Contemplation Stage

Contemplation stage requires:

  • Awareness of the problem and its consequences: Contemplators acknowledge concern about their condition and understand what happens without treatment 1.

  • Active weighing of pros and cons: Contemplators are "actually thinking about" treatment options and their alternatives, not just reacting with fear 4, 3.

  • Recognition of diagnosis significance: In the osteoporosis literature, contemplative patients were more likely to acknowledge their diagnosis and express concern about their condition 1.

This patient lacks these elements—she is reacting emotionally to surgical risk without understanding the competing risk of disease progression 1.

Clinical Implications

For pre-contemplative patients with knee pathology requiring surgery:

  • Education is the primary intervention: She needs information about the natural history of her knee condition without surgical intervention, including progressive disability, pain, and quality of life deterioration 5, 6.

  • Shared decision-making requires informed understanding: Current guidelines emphasize that discussions about surgery must include "benefits and risks related to surgery, and the alternatives to surgery" 5.

  • Risk assessment tools should be presented: For surgical candidates, presenting objective data about outcomes with and without surgery can move patients from pre-contemplation to contemplation 5.

The goal is to move her from pre-contemplation (unaware of non-surgical risks) to contemplation (actively weighing surgical versus non-surgical risks) before she can make an informed decision 1, 3.

References

Research

Factors associated with the contemplative stage of readiness to initiate osteoporosis treatment.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2020

Research

Is contemplation a separate stage of change to precontemplation?

International journal of behavioral medicine, 2008

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

Knee Preservation Surgery for Grade 3 OA in Older Adults with Comorbidities

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2026

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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