From the Guidelines
Anti-inflammatory medications can be effectively combined with DNA-supported diets, specifically the Mediterranean diet, to manage inflammation and reduce the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and other metabolic conditions. For acute inflammation, consider over-the-counter NSAIDs like ibuprofen (400-800mg every 6-8 hours) or naproxen (220-500mg every 12 hours) for short-term use (7-10 days maximum) 1. For chronic conditions, consult a healthcare provider who might prescribe COX-2 inhibitors like celecoxib (100-200mg daily) or low-dose corticosteroids.
The Mediterranean diet, characterized by daily consumption of fresh vegetables, fruit, legumes, minimally processed whole grains, and fish, along with omega-3-fatty acids, such as olive oil, nuts, and seeds as the primary fat sources, has been shown to reduce the risk of NAFLD and its progression 1. This diet is rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, which may help regulate inflammatory genes and reduce the risk of metabolic conditions, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.
Some key components of the Mediterranean diet that may be beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving overall health include:
- High consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in antioxidants and fiber
- High consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly from fish and nuts
- High consumption of monounsaturated fats, such as those found in olive oil
- Low consumption of saturated fats, particularly from red and processed meat
- Low consumption of refined sugars and trans fats
It is essential to note that while medications can directly block inflammatory pathways, a personalized diet that addresses an individual's genetic predispositions to inflammation can provide long-term benefits and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Start with dietary changes and add medications as needed under medical supervision, as NSAIDs can cause gastrointestinal issues and other side effects with prolonged use 1.
In terms of specific dietary recommendations, the evidence suggests that:
- A diet rich in fruit and vegetables, rich in n-3 fatty acids, and low in n-6 fatty acids is associated with a decreased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 1
- The Mediterranean diet, which is high in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, may be protective against NAFLD and associated risk factors 1
- Dietary manipulation of relative amounts of omega-6 PUFA precursors can have profound effects on the degree of inflammation, and minimizing omega-6 PUFAs and consuming more saturated fats may reduce various types of inflammation 1
Overall, a comprehensive approach that combines anti-inflammatory medications with a personalized, DNA-supported diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, may be the most effective way to manage inflammation and reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
From the Research
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
- Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects 2, 3, 4, 5
- These effects include reducing leucocyte chemotaxis, adhesion molecule expression, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines 3
- Omega-3 fatty acids may also give rise to anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving mediators called resolvins, protectins, and maresins 3
Comparison with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
- NSAIDs are commonly used to treat pain and inflammation, but they can have significant side effects, including gastric ulcers, bleeding, and cardiovascular events 2, 6
- Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to be a safer alternative to NSAIDs for treating nonsurgical neck or back pain, with fewer side effects and equivalent efficacy in reducing arthritic pain 2
- However, the use of NSAIDs is still associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events, and their use should be optimized by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest amount of time, especially among individuals with increased cardiovascular risk 6
Dietary Recommendations
- Eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as seafood, can increase the levels of omega-3s in cell membranes and may protect against several diseases associated with uncontrolled inflammation 4
- Dietary omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have beneficial effects on triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, platelet function, endothelial and vascular function, blood pressure, and cardiac excitability 5