What rehabilitation program is recommended for a patient with radial nerve palsy who has intact volar (flexor) muscles to preserve wrist and finger extension and prevent contracture?

Rehabilitation for Radial Nerve Palsy with Intact Flexor Function

Initiate a structured occupational therapy program focused on functional task training with normal movement patterns, combined with dynamic splinting that provides wrist and finger extension support through a tenodesis mechanism, while strictly avoiding static immobilization. 1

Immediate Splinting Strategy

• Use dynamic splinting only—never static immobilization or serial casting, as static approaches worsen symptoms, cause muscle deconditioning, promote learned non-use, and can trigger complex regional pain syndrome 2, 1
• Apply dynamic splints that provide wrist and finger extension support through a tenodesis mechanism, allowing active movement during functional tasks 1
• Monitor splint effectiveness every 2-3 weeks and empower the patient to discontinue use if adverse effects like pain or skin breakdown occur 1

Functional Task Training Protocol

• Engage the patient in tasks that promote normal movement, proper alignment, and even weight-bearing of the affected hand 2, 1
• Use the hand to stabilize objects during activities (preventing learned non-use) 2, 1
• Place the hand on kitchen counters or surfaces while standing during meal preparation rather than letting it hang by the side 2, 1
• Perform bilateral upper extremity tasks to normalize movement patterns and muscle activity 2, 1
• Grade activities progressively to increase the time the affected hand is used within functional tasks, employing normal movement techniques 1

Home Exercise Program (Primary Modality)

• Prescribe a directed home exercise program as the primary therapy modality, as evidence shows home programs are equivalent to supervised therapy for uncomplicated radial nerve palsy 1
• Perform active finger motion exercises regularly from the initial encounter, including full range of motion movements 2, 1
• Execute stretching exercises for wrist flexors and extensors, holding static stretches for 10-30 seconds with 3-4 repetitions for each stretch 1, 3
• Continue flexibility training 2-3 times per week 3

Resistance Training for Persistent Deficits

• Begin resistance training as an adjunct to task-specific practice once basic motor control is established 3
• Start with low-intensity resistance at 40% of 1-repetition maximum with 10-15 repetitions 3
• Progress to moderate intensity (41-60% of 1-RM) with 8-10 repetitions as tolerated 3
• Perform resistance training 2-3 times per week to allow adequate recovery between sessions 3
• Do not progress resistance too quickly—start with very low intensity during initial sessions to avoid muscle damage 3

Adjunctive Interventions

• Consider Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for patients with demonstrated impaired muscle contraction, specifically for wrist motor impairment 1, 3
• Apply FES to wrist and forearm extensor muscles in combination with task-specific training to enhance motor control 3
• Use FES as an adjunct to motor practice, not as standalone treatment 3
• Video record interventions (with consent) to demonstrate changeability in symptoms, highlight successes, and serve as reference points for replicating successful strategies 2, 1

Critical Management Principles: What to Avoid

• Avoid prolonged positioning of the wrist at end ranges, which exacerbates symptoms and may impede recovery 3
• Do not rely on passive range of motion alone—active motor practice is essential 3
• Discourage nursing of the affected limb but demonstrate and promote therapeutic resting postures and limb use 2
• Avoid postures that promote prolonged positioning of joints at the end of range 2

Contracture Prevention

• Position the wrist in maximum extension for 30 minutes daily either in bed or in a chair to prevent wrist contracture 2
• Use resting ankle splints at night and during assisted standing if ankle plantarflexion contracture develops 2, 4
• Apply ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) if gait is affected, as they improve gait quality and prevent ankle contracture 2, 4

Expected Timeline and Monitoring

• Most motor recovery gains occur within the first 6 months, making this a critical window for intensive rehabilitation 3
• Rapid relief of symptoms typically occurs within 3-4 months with structured rehabilitation, with maintenance of gains over 12 months 3
• Optimal functional recovery requires 9-12 months of continued rehabilitation depending on return-to-work goals 3
• Reassess function every 2-3 weeks to evaluate splint effectiveness, adjust therapy progression, and monitor for adverse effects 1