From the Guidelines
The functional zones in the context of stroke survivors' rehabilitation and daily living can be broadly categorized into areas that support physical activity, daily functioning, and social participation, with the primary goal of improving morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. According to the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, as mentioned in the study by 1, the effects of stroke can be organized into problems in the “body structure and function dimension” and in the “activity and participation dimension.” Some key areas include:
- Body structure and function zones, which address the primary neurological disorders caused by stroke, such as hemiplegia, spasticity, and aphasia.
- Activity limitation zones, which focus on reducing the impact of disabilities, such as impaired ability to perform daily functions like dressing, bathing, or walking, as noted in the study by 1.
- Participation zones, which aim to enhance the patient's ability to engage in social and community activities, thereby improving their overall quality of life and reducing the risk of secondary complications, as suggested by 1. These zones are interconnected and influence one another, with the ultimate goal of creating a supportive environment that fosters recovery, rehabilitation, and reintegration into daily life for stroke survivors.
From the Research
Functional Zones
- The study 2 identifies various functional zones in mitochondria, including:
- Apoptosis zone
- Necrosis zone
- Mitophagy zone
- Mitochondrial-derived vesicle budding zone
- Innate immunity zone
- The membrane contact site between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, referred to as MAM, is also considered a zone and is crucial for various biological events such as lipid transfer and Ca2+ transfer.
Contents and Functions
- The apoptosis zone is involved in programmed cell death
- The necrosis zone is involved in cell death due to injury or infection
- The mitophagy zone is involved in the removal of damaged mitochondria
- The mitochondrial-derived vesicle budding zone is involved in the formation of vesicles for cellular communication
- The innate immunity zone is involved in the recognition and response to pathogens
Note: The provided studies do not directly relate to the question of determining the contents and functions of functional zones, except for study 2 which discusses organelle zones in mitochondria. The other studies discuss the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on various medical conditions.