What are the causes of hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver) and fatty infiltration (steatosis) of the liver?

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Differential Diagnosis for Hepatomegaly and Fatty Infiltration of the Liver

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): This is the most common cause of hepatomegaly and fatty liver infiltration, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Alcoholic liver disease: Prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to fatty liver, hepatomegaly, and potentially progress to more severe liver damage.
    • Hepatic steatosis due to other metabolic disorders: Conditions like lipodystrophy, Weber-Christian disease, and other rare metabolic disorders can cause fatty liver.
    • Drug-induced liver injury: Certain medications can cause fatty liver and hepatomegaly as a side effect.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Wilson's disease: A genetic disorder leading to copper accumulation in the liver, which can cause fatty liver, hepatomegaly, and potentially severe liver damage if not treated.
    • Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder causing iron overload, which can lead to liver damage, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver.
    • Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: A genetic disorder that can cause liver disease, hepatomegaly, and fatty liver, particularly in children and young adults.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Abetalipoproteinemia: A rare genetic disorder affecting fat absorption and leading to fatty liver.
    • Gaucher's disease: A lysosomal storage disorder that can cause hepatomegaly and fatty liver due to the accumulation of glucocerebroside.
    • Glycogen storage diseases: Certain types of these diseases can lead to fatty liver and hepatomegaly due to the accumulation of glycogen in the liver.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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