Differential Diagnosis for Dysuria in Males of Reproductive Age
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Urethritis due to Gonorrhea or Chlamydia: This is the most common cause of dysuria in sexually active males of reproductive age, often presenting with symptoms such as burning sensation while urinating, frequent urination, and discharge.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): While less common in men than in women, UTIs can cause dysuria and are more likely in men with certain risk factors, such as an uncircumcised penis or those who engage in anal intercourse.
- Prostatitis: Inflammation of the prostate gland can cause dysuria, along with other symptoms like pelvic pain and difficulty urinating.
- Urethral Stricture: Narrowing of the urethra can cause obstructive symptoms including dysuria.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Kidney Stones: Although not as common as other causes, kidney stones can cause severe dysuria and are a medical emergency if they cause obstruction.
- Tuberculosis of the Genitourinary Tract: A rare but serious condition that can cause chronic dysuria, among other symptoms.
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) other than Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: Such as herpes simplex virus or trichomoniasis, which can cause dysuria and other genital symptoms.
Rare Diagnoses
- Interstitial Cystitis: A chronic condition causing bladder pressure, bladder pain, and sometimes dysuria, which is more common in women but can occur in men.
- Bladder Cancer: Dysuria can be a symptom of bladder cancer, although it's rare in young men and more commonly associated with hematuria.
- Reiter's Syndrome (Reactive Arthritis): A form of arthritis that occurs in reaction to a bacterial infection, often presenting with a combination of arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis.