What is the recommended dosing and administration schedule for aztreonam combined with ceftazidime‑avibactam in adults (including renal function adjustments) and in pediatric patients ≥3 months?

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Aztreonam-Ceftazidime/Avibactam Combination Dosing

Administer aztreonam 2 g IV every 8 hours simultaneously with ceftazidime/avibactam 2.5 g (2 g ceftazidime/0.5 g avibactam) IV every 8 hours via Y-site or separate infusions in adults with normal renal function. 1, 2

Adult Dosing (≥18 years)

Standard Regimen for Normal Renal Function

  • Aztreonam: 2 g IV every 8 hours (infused over 20-60 minutes) 1
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 2.5 g (2 g/0.5 g) IV every 8 hours (infused over 2 hours) 1
  • Both agents can be administered via Y-site simultaneously without incompatibility at tested concentrations (aztreonam 10-20 mg/mL, ceftazidime/avibactam 8-50 mg/mL) 2

Renal Dose Adjustments

For Creatinine Clearance 31-50 mL/min:

  • Aztreonam: 1 g IV every 8 hours 1
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 1.25 g (1 g/0.25 g) IV every 8 hours 1

For Creatinine Clearance 16-30 mL/min:

  • Aztreonam: 1 g IV every 12 hours 1
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g) IV every 12 hours 1

For Creatinine Clearance 6-15 mL/min:

  • Aztreonam: 500 mg IV every 12 hours 1
  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 0.94 g (0.75 g/0.19 g) IV every 24 hours 1
  • Note: Suboptimal probability of target attainment (≤71%) is predicted for ceftazidime/avibactam in this range; consider infectious disease consultation 3

For Hemodialysis Patients:

  • Administer both agents after dialysis sessions 1
  • Use the dosing for CrCl 6-15 mL/min as baseline 1

Pediatric Dosing (≥3 months)

Ages 3 to <6 months:

  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 40 mg/kg (ceftazidime component) IV every 8 hours, maximum 2000 mg ceftazidime per dose 1
  • Aztreonam: Dosing not well-established in this age group; infectious disease consultation recommended 1

Ages ≥6 months to <18 years:

  • Ceftazidime/avibactam: 50 mg/kg (ceftazidime component) IV every 8 hours, maximum 2000 mg ceftazidime per dose 1
  • Aztreonam: Standard pediatric dosing is 30 mg/kg IV every 6-8 hours for serious infections, maximum 8 g/day 1

Neonatal Dosing (<3 months):

  • Ceftazidime alone (avibactam combination not recommended in neonates):
    • Gestational age <32 weeks, postnatal age <14 days: 50 mg/kg IV every 12 hours 1
    • Gestational age <32 weeks, postnatal age ≥14 days: 50 mg/kg IV every 8 hours 1
    • Gestational age ≥32 weeks, postnatal age ≤7 days: 50 mg/kg IV every 12 hours 1
    • Gestational age ≥32 weeks, postnatal age >7 days: 50 mg/kg IV every 8 hours 1

Critical Administration Details

Infusion Logistics

  • Ceftazidime/avibactam must be infused over 2 hours to maintain adequate avibactam concentrations 1, 3
  • Aztreonam can be infused over 20-60 minutes 1
  • Y-site compatibility is confirmed; no antagonism occurs when ceftazidime is present with aztreonam/avibactam 2, 4

Monitoring Requirements

  • Baseline and periodic renal function assessment (serum creatinine, estimated GFR using CKD-EPI equation) 3
  • Adjust doses based on calculated creatinine clearance, not just serum creatinine alone 3
  • Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactams 1

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

  • Do not use once-daily dosing: The combination requires every-8-hour administration to maintain synergistic activity against MBL-producing organisms 1, 5
  • Do not omit renal dose adjustments: Failure to adjust for renal impairment increases toxicity risk and may lead to subtherapeutic levels 3
  • Do not assume standard doses work in critically ill patients: Patients with burns, sepsis, or augmented renal clearance may require higher doses or therapeutic drug monitoring consultation 3
  • Do not extrapolate adult dosing to neonates: Neonates have prolonged elimination and altered pharmacokinetics requiring weight- and age-based adjustments 1

Clinical Context

This combination is specifically designed for metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that co-express serine beta-lactamases 4, 5, 6. The avibactam component inhibits serine beta-lactamases (including KPC), protecting aztreonam from degradation, while aztreonam remains stable against MBLs (NDM, VIM, IMP) 4, 5. Synergy is achieved because ceftazidime acts as a "decoy" substrate, preventing MBL-mediated hydrolysis of aztreonam 6. In vitro studies demonstrate that 62.5% of resistant isolates shift to susceptible when this combination is used 5.

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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