Differential Diagnosis for Rash on Trunk of a Child Following a Virus
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Viral exanthem (e.g., roseola, measles, or chickenpox): This is the most likely diagnosis given the context of a rash following a viral illness. Viral exanthems are common in children and often present with a rash on the trunk.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Scarlet fever: Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, it can follow a viral illness and presents with a characteristic rash on the trunk, along with fever and other symptoms.
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Although it typically affects the hands, feet, and mouth, the rash can sometimes spread to the trunk. It's caused by coxsackieviruses or enteroviruses.
- Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum): Characterized by a "slapped cheek" appearance, the rash can spread to the trunk and is caused by parvovirus B19.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Meningococcemia: A severe bacterial infection that can cause a rash, often on the trunk, and can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. It's crucial to consider this diagnosis, especially if the child has other symptoms like fever, headache, or stiff neck.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever: A tick-borne illness that can cause a rash on the trunk, along with fever and other systemic symptoms. It requires prompt treatment to prevent serious complications.
- Rare diagnoses
- Kawasaki disease: An autoimmune condition that can cause a rash, fever, and other symptoms, including lymphadenopathy and desquamation of the hands and feet. It's rare but important to consider due to potential cardiac complications.
- Toxic shock syndrome: A severe condition caused by bacterial toxins, which can present with a rash, fever, and other systemic symptoms. It's rare but life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.