From the Guidelines
People with lupus should avoid prolonged sun exposure as ultraviolet (UV) light can trigger lupus flares and worsen symptoms. According to the most recent evidence from 2024, photoprotection should be advised for the prevention of flares in people with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) 1. Sun protection is essential and includes wearing broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective clothing like hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants, and seeking shade, especially during days with high UV index.
The evidence suggests that UV radiation is a well-acknowledged triggering factor of cutaneous and systemic lupus flares 1. Experimental studies have shown that broad-spectrum sunscreens prevent cutaneous lesions on photo-provocation, supporting the recommendation for sun protection in people with SLE 1.
Key recommendations for people with lupus include:
- Avoiding direct sun exposure, especially during days with high UV index
- Using physical barriers such as hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants
- Using broad-spectrum sunscreen
- Seeking shade when UV rays are strongest
- Assessing the need for vitamin D supplements when indicated, as people with lupus may be at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to sun avoidance 1.
Overall, consistent sun protection is necessary year-round for lupus management, as UV rays can penetrate cloud cover even on cloudy days, and trigger inflammation and flare-ups of symptoms like rash, joint pain, and fatigue.
From the Research
Lupus and Prolonged Sun Exposure
- There is no direct evidence in the provided studies that discusses the relationship between lupus and prolonged sun exposure.
- However, it is known that patients with lupus are often sensitive to sunlight and may experience exacerbation of symptoms after sun exposure 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The provided studies focus on the use of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of lupus, its efficacy, and safety profile.
- They discuss the benefits of hydroxychloroquine in reducing disease activity, preventing flares, and improving patient-reported outcomes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- But, they do not specifically address the topic of prolonged sun exposure in patients with lupus.
Treatment of Lupus
- Hydroxychloroquine is a commonly used medication in the treatment of lupus, and its efficacy and safety profile are well-established 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The recommended dosage of hydroxychloroquine varies, but most studies suggest a daily dose of 200-400 mg 3, 4, 5.
- The medication has been shown to improve patient-reported outcomes, reduce disease activity, and prevent flares 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Patient-Reported Outcomes
- The use of hydroxychloroquine has been associated with improved patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life and reduced impact on daily life 6.
- The effects of hydroxychloroquine on patient-reported outcomes are mediated through disease activity, suggesting that the medication's ability to reduce disease activity is the primary mechanism by which it improves patient-reported outcomes 6.