What is the best approach to control elevated office blood pressure (142/94 mm Hg) in an adult patient taking extended‑release mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall XR) 30 mg daily (previously reduced to 20 mg), sertraline 100 mg daily, bupropion extended‑release 150 mg daily, who vapes nicotine daily and has a sedentary job?

Management of Elevated Blood Pressure in a Patient on Adderall, Sertraline, and Bupropion

The most critical first step is to confirm true hypertension with home blood pressure monitoring or 24-hour ambulatory monitoring, then address the modifiable contributors—specifically nicotine vaping cessation and Adderall dose reduction—before initiating antihypertensive medication. 1

Confirm True Hypertension vs. White Coat Effect

• Obtain systematic home blood pressure monitoring over 1 week (twice morning and evening) or 24-hour ambulatory monitoring to confirm sustained elevation, as approximately 50% of apparent resistant hypertension is due to white coat effect 1, 2
• The patient's home BP of 129/84 mmHg suggests possible white coat hypertension, since office BP is 142/94 mmHg but home readings are lower 1
• Home BP ≥135/85 mmHg or 24-hour ambulatory BP ≥130/80 mmHg confirms true hypertension requiring intervention 1
• Self-monitoring for one week provides the most accurate BP assessment with the lowest within-individual variability (coefficient of variation 4.2% for systolic BP vs. 8.6% for office measurements) 3

Address Medication-Induced Hypertension

Amphetamine (Adderall) Effects

• Mixed amphetamine salts increase systolic BP by approximately 5.4 mmHg and heart rate by 7.3 mmHg in adults with ADHD 4
• The patient previously tolerated Adderall 20 mg with stabilized BP readings; return to the 20 mg dose as the initial intervention 4
• New-onset hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) occurs in 10% of adults treated with stimulants for ADHD 4
• In adults with controlled hypertension on antihypertensive therapy, mixed amphetamine salts XR up to 60 mg daily did not cause sustained BP elevation in an 8-week trial, though this patient is not yet on antihypertensive medication 5

Bupropion Effects

• Bupropion increases systolic BP by approximately 5.9 mmHg and heart rate by 6.9 mmHg 4
• Since bupropion was added recently (last office visit) without significant improvement in depression, consider discontinuing bupropion and reassessing BP after 2-4 weeks 4, 6
• Bupropion carries greater risk of hypertension at higher doses and can cause orthostatic hypotension in patients with cardiovascular disease 6

Sertraline Effects

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like sertraline have limited effects on blood pressure and represent the safest antidepressant class for cardiovascular patients 6
• Continue sertraline 100 mg without modification 6

Eliminate Nicotine Vaping

• Nicotine from vaping significantly contributes to elevated BP and tachycardia; cessation is mandatory before considering antihypertensive medication 1, 2
• Provide structured smoking/vaping cessation support with nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum, or lozenge) to avoid withdrawal-related BP spikes 1

Implement Intensive Lifestyle Modifications

• Restrict sodium intake to <2,400 mg/day (ideally <2,000 mg/day), as high sodium is a major contributor to treatment-resistant hypertension 2, 7
• Initiate structured aerobic exercise for 30-40 minutes, 4-5 days per week, which can reduce BP by 5-10 mmHg 7
• Limit alcohol to ≤2 drinks/day for men, as binge drinking significantly impairs BP control 2, 7
• Target weight loss if BMI ≥25 kg/m², as weight reduction provides additional 5-10 mmHg BP lowering 7

Reassess Before Starting Antihypertensive Therapy

• Recheck BP after 4-6 weeks of Adderall dose reduction (to 20 mg), bupropion discontinuation, vaping cessation, and lifestyle modifications 1, 7
• If home BP remains ≥135/85 mmHg or office BP ≥140/90 mmHg after these interventions, proceed to pharmacologic therapy 1

Antihypertensive Selection If Medication Required

First-Line Agent

• Start with a long-acting ACE inhibitor (e.g., lisinopril 10 mg daily) or ARB (e.g., losartan 50 mg daily) as first-line therapy, as these have minimal drug interactions with antidepressants and stimulants 8
• Alternative: Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (e.g., amlodipine 5 mg daily) has minimal drug interactions and does not worsen stimulant-induced tachycardia 8

Second-Line Agent

• Add a thiazide-like diuretic (chlorthalidone 12.5-25 mg daily or indapamide 1.5 mg daily) if BP remains uncontrolled on monotherapy, as these are superior to hydrochlorothiazide 2, 7

Agents to Avoid

• Do not use beta-blockers unless there is a compelling indication (e.g., coronary artery disease), as they may worsen stimulant-induced metabolic effects and are less effective for primary hypertension 8
• Avoid alpha-1 blockers due to risk of orthostatic hypotension, particularly if bupropion is continued 8

Target Blood Pressure and Monitoring

• Target BP <130/80 mmHg based on 2024 ESC and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, confirmed by home BP monitoring 1
• Reassess BP within 2-4 weeks after any medication adjustment 7
• Achieve target BP within 3 months of initiating or modifying therapy 1, 7

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Do not initiate antihypertensive medication without first confirming true hypertension with out-of-office monitoring, as white coat effect is highly prevalent 1
• Do not continue bupropion if it is not providing clear benefit, as it contributes to BP elevation without demonstrated efficacy in this patient 4, 6
• Do not accept the patient's preference to remain on Adderall 30 mg when BP is elevated; the dose must be reduced to 20 mg or lower 4
• Do not overlook nicotine vaping as a major modifiable contributor to hypertension 1, 2