Can anaplasmosis cause fever, nausea, and pharyngitis?

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Last updated: April 22, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Yes, anaplasmosis can cause fever and nausea, but pharyngitis is not typically a characteristic symptom of this infection. Anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The most common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, chills, and nausea/vomiting, as reported in a study published in 2016 1. Patients may also experience abdominal pain, confusion, and joint pain.

Key Symptoms and Treatment

  • The standard treatment for anaplasmosis is doxycycline 100mg taken orally twice daily for 10-14 days, even for children and pregnant women due to the severity of the infection, as recommended in the 2016 guidelines 1.
  • Early treatment is crucial as the disease can become severe or fatal if left untreated, particularly in elderly or immunocompromised patients.
  • Laboratory findings often include low white blood cell count, low platelet count, and elevated liver enzymes.

Distinguishing from Other Infections

  • While respiratory symptoms can occasionally occur with anaplasmosis, sore throat or pharyngitis specifically is not a hallmark symptom, which helps distinguish it from viral respiratory infections.
  • The clinical features of anaplasmosis are summarized in a 2016 report 1, highlighting the importance of fever, headache, and myalgia as typical symptoms, with rash being rare.
  • The case-fatality rate for anaplasmosis is less than 1%, but serious and fatal opportunistic viral and fungal infections have occurred during the course of anaplasmosis, as noted in a 2016 study 1.

From the Research

Symptoms of Anaplasmosis

  • Fever is a common symptom of anaplasmosis, as reported in the study 2
  • Headaches and lethargy are also common symptoms, but nausea is not explicitly mentioned in the study 2
  • Another study 3 mentions that anaplasmosis can present with respiratory symptoms, but does not specifically mention nausea or pharyngitis

Pharyngitis

  • Pharyngitis can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, and its symptoms can overlap with those of anaplasmosis 4, 5
  • The most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis is Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), which can cause symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and headache 4, 5
  • However, there is no direct evidence to suggest that anaplasmosis causes pharyngitis, as the studies focus on the symptoms and treatment of anaplasmosis and pharyngitis separately

Treatment and Symptoms

  • The treatment of pharyngitis depends on the underlying cause, and antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial infections such as GABHS 4, 5, 6
  • The study 6 compares the effectiveness of different antibiotics in treating GABHS pharyngitis, but does not mention anaplasmosis
  • In summary, while anaplasmosis can cause fever, it is unclear if it can cause nausea and pharyngitis, as these symptoms are not explicitly mentioned in the studies 2, 3

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Increasing Incidence of Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2012 Through 2016.

Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2020

Research

Pharyngitis: Approach to diagnosis and treatment.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2020

Research

Different antibiotic treatments for group A streptococcal pharyngitis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2021

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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