What are the treatment options for hallux valgus (bunion)?

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Last updated: April 22, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Bunions should be initially treated with non-operative management, including accommodative footwear, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, orthotics, splints/braces, and toe spacers, as recommended by the most recent study 1. When treating bunions, it is essential to prioritize conservative measures to alleviate symptoms and prevent further deformity.

  • Key components of non-operative management include:
    • Wearing comfortable, wide-toed shoes with good arch support to reduce pressure on the bunion
    • Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to manage pain and inflammation
    • Orthotics, splints/braces, and toe spacers to provide cushioning and help realign the toe
  • According to the study 1, these measures may not provide long-term relief, and referral to an orthopaedic surgeon is recommended if the patient has a painful prominence, has exhausted non-operative treatment, and is a suitable operative candidate.
  • It is crucial to note that cosmesis alone is not an indication for operative management, and smoking is a relative contraindication to surgery, with cessation recommended before undergoing surgery 1.
  • In cases where conservative management fails, surgery (bunionectomy) may be considered, but this should be reserved for severe cases that cause significant pain or difficulty walking.
  • The goal of treatment is to improve the patient's quality of life by reducing pain, improving mobility, and preventing further complications, as emphasized by the study 1.

References

Research

Bunions: A review of management.

Australian journal of general practice, 2020

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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