From the Research
The human hand is a complex anatomical structure consisting of 27 bones, numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels. The skeletal framework includes 8 carpal bones in the wrist arranged in two rows, 5 metacarpal bones forming the palm, and 14 phalanges making up the fingers (3 in each finger and 2 in the thumb) 1. The hand is divided into three functional regions: the wrist (carpus), the palm (metacarpus), and the fingers (digits). Muscles controlling hand movements are categorized as either intrinsic (originating within the hand) or extrinsic (originating in the forearm). The intrinsic muscles include the thenar muscles (controlling thumb movement), hypothenar muscles (controlling little finger movement), interossei, and lumbrical muscles. The hand receives its nerve supply primarily from three nerves: the median nerve (controlling thumb opposition and sensation to the thumb, index, middle, and half of the ring finger), the ulnar nerve (controlling fine finger movements and sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger), and the radial nerve (controlling wrist extension and providing sensation to the back of the hand) 1. Blood supply comes from the radial and ulnar arteries, which form superficial and deep palmar arches. This intricate anatomy enables the hand's remarkable dexterity, precision grip, and sensory capabilities essential for daily activities. Some studies have investigated conditions affecting the hand, such as carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger finger, and their treatment options, including percutaneous release procedures 2 and open surgery 3, 4. Additionally, research has compared the effectiveness of different pain management strategies after hand surgery, including the use of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and oxycodone 5. However, the primary focus remains on understanding the complex anatomy of the hand, which is crucial for maintaining its function and overall quality of life. Key aspects of hand anatomy include:
- Skeletal framework: 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, and 14 phalanges
- Muscles: intrinsic (thenar, hypothenar, interossei, lumbrical) and extrinsic (originating in the forearm)
- Nerve supply: median, ulnar, and radial nerves
- Blood supply: radial and ulnar arteries forming superficial and deep palmar arches.