From the Guidelines
Young adults can experience symptoms of ADHD, but it is essential to note that ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood, and symptoms must have been present before age 12 for a formal diagnosis. According to the most recent study 1, ADHD symptoms can persist into adulthood, and it is crucial to consider other potential causes of attention difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, substance use, or significant life stressors. The diagnostic process for ADHD involves a comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare provider, including a detailed history, symptom assessment, and ruling out other conditions 1. The American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology study 1 highlights the importance of using standardized assessment tools, such as the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-V1.1), to aid in diagnosis. In terms of treatment, common ADHD medications include stimulants like Adderall (amphetamine salts, 5-30mg daily) or Concerta (methylphenidate, 18-72mg daily), and non-stimulants like Strattera (atomoxetine, 40-100mg daily) 1. It is essential to note that ADHD involves differences in brain structure and function, particularly in areas responsible for executive functioning, which explains the challenges with attention, impulse control, and organization 1. Overall, while young adults can experience symptoms of ADHD, a comprehensive evaluation and diagnosis by a qualified healthcare provider are necessary to determine the best course of treatment. Key considerations in the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD include:
- Comprehensive evaluation by a qualified healthcare provider
- Use of standardized assessment tools, such as the ASRS-V1.1
- Consideration of other potential causes of attention difficulties
- Individualized treatment plans, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions
- Regular monitoring and adjustment of treatment as needed.
From the FDA Drug Label
Atomoxetine hydrochloride is approved for ADHD in pediatric and adult patients. The answer is yes, young adults can develop ADHD, as the drug label states that atomoxetine hydrochloride is approved for ADHD in adult patients 2.
- Key points:
- ADHD can occur in adults
- Atomoxetine is approved for adult patients with ADHD
- Diagnosis of ADHD in adults should be based on a complete history and evaluation of the patient.
From the Research
Can Young Adults Develop ADHD
- Young adults can develop ADHD, although it is often perceived as a childhood disorder 3
- Research suggests that a significant proportion of young adults meeting criteria for ADHD would not have met full diagnostic criteria for ADHD as children 3
- Late-onset ADHD can emerge between the ages of 12-16 and can be considered adolescent or early adult onset ADHD 3
- However, there is a relative lack of data spanning young to older adulthood to address the question of adult-onset ADHD 3
- Studies have shown that ADHD can persist into adulthood, and treatment options are available for adolescents and young adults with ADHD 4, 5
Treatment Options for Young Adults with ADHD
- Extended-release methylphenidate and amphetamine formulations, atomoxetine, and extended-release guanfacine have been shown to be effective in improving symptoms of ADHD in adolescents and young adults 4, 5
- Psychosocial treatments incorporating behavior contingency management, motivational enhancement, and academic, organizational, and social skills training techniques can also be beneficial for young adults with ADHD 5
- However, more research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness of these treatments in young adults with ADHD 5
Diagnosis and Assessment of ADHD in Young Adults
- Diagnosis of ADHD in young adults can be complex, and clinicians should be aware that significantly impairing forms of ADHD can emerge beyond the age of 12 years 3
- A comprehensive assessment, including a thorough medical and psychological history, is necessary to diagnose ADHD in young adults 6
- The current evidence on treatment responses is limited, and more research is needed to clarify the extent to which early and late onset ADHD reflect a different balance of genetic and environmental risks or share the same underlying neural mechanisms 3