What is the significance of C6 antigen in diagnosing Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) in dogs?

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Last updated: April 23, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

The Lyme C6 antigen test is a valuable diagnostic tool for detecting Lyme disease in dogs, and treatment typically involves a 28-30 day course of antibiotics, most commonly doxycycline (10 mg/kg orally twice daily), as recommended by the most recent consensus statement 1. The test specifically measures antibodies against the C6 peptide, which is part of the VlsE protein unique to Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium causing Lyme disease. A positive C6 test indicates active or recent infection, not just exposure or vaccination. Some key points to consider when interpreting the results of the C6 test include:

  • The test can be used to monitor treatment success by measuring declining antibody levels after therapy, with follow-up testing typically recommended 6 months after treatment completion.
  • Prevention remains crucial through regular tick checks, tick preventatives, and vaccination in endemic areas.
  • The C6 test is particularly useful because it can help identify dogs that are at risk of developing Lyme disease, allowing for early intervention and treatment.
  • It's also important to note that the C6 test is not foolproof, and false-positive and false-negative results can occur, as discussed in earlier studies 2. Beyond treatment, it's essential to have your veterinarian perform additional testing to check for kidney damage or other complications, as Lyme disease can affect multiple organ systems. Some of the key considerations for treatment and prevention include:
  • The use of doxycycline as the first-line treatment for Lyme disease in dogs, as recommended by the consensus statement 1.
  • The importance of regular tick checks and the use of tick preventatives to reduce the risk of transmission.
  • The potential benefits and risks of vaccination, as discussed in earlier studies 3, 2.

References

Research

ACVIM consensus update on Lyme borreliosis in dogs and cats.

Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2018

Research

Lyme disease: laboratory diagnosis of infected and vaccinated symptomatic dogs.

Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal), 1996

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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