Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Tender Nares
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Acute Rhinitis (Common Cold): This is the most common cause of swollen and tender nares, often resulting from viral infections that lead to inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Allergic Rhinitis: Similar to the common cold but triggered by allergens, leading to nasal congestion, swelling, and tenderness.
- Nasal Furuncle or Carbuncle: A bacterial infection of the nasal vestibule, which can cause localized pain, swelling, and tenderness.
- Nasal Septal Hematoma: A collection of blood in the nasal septum, often due to trauma, which can cause swelling and tenderness.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Necrotizing Fasciitis: A rare but life-threatening bacterial infection that can start in the nasal area and spread rapidly, requiring immediate medical attention.
- Malignancy (e.g., Nasal Cavity or Sinus Cancer): Although rare, cancers in this area can present with non-specific symptoms like swelling and tenderness of the nares.
- Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: Especially in immunocompromised patients, this can be a deadly condition if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Rare Diagnoses
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA): A form of vasculitis that can affect the nasal passages, leading to swelling, tenderness, and potentially destructive lesions.
- Sarcoidosis: A systemic disease that can cause granulomatous inflammation in the nasal mucosa, leading to swelling and tenderness.
- Relapsing Polychondritis: An autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous structures, including the nose, leading to swelling and tenderness.