Is Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 94010 the code for a standard pulmonary function test (PFT)?

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CPT Code 94010 for Standard PFTs

CPT code 94010 is NOT the code for a complete standard pulmonary function test (PFT)—it specifically covers only simple spirometry without bronchodilator administration. 1, 2

What CPT 94010 Actually Covers

  • 94010 is limited to basic spirometry measurements (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) performed without any bronchodilator challenge. 1, 2

  • This code does not include the interpretation and report—that requires a separate code (94060). 1, 2

  • The American Heart Association explicitly states that 94010 covers the technical component of simple spirometry only, not a comprehensive PFT. 1

Codes for Complete PFT Testing

A standard comprehensive PFT typically requires multiple CPT codes depending on components performed:

  • Spirometry codes:

    • 94010: Simple spirometry without bronchodilator 1, 2
    • 94060: Reading and interpretation of pulmonary function test 1, 2
    • 94070: Spirometry with post-exposure bronchospasm evaluation 1, 2
  • Additional testing components:

    • Lung volume measurements require separate coding 1
    • Diffusing capacity (DLCO) requires separate coding 1
    • 94681: Oxygen uptake and expired gas analysis 1, 2

Common Coding Pitfall

The most frequent error is billing 94010 alone when a complete PFT battery is performed. 2 This results in significant undercoding and improper reimbursement. 2

  • When spirometry is part of a larger PFT panel, the Correct Coding Initiative may bundle 94010 with other pulmonary testing codes (94620,94621). 1, 2

  • Each component of a comprehensive PFT must be documented separately with appropriate medical necessity using ICD diagnostic codes. 1, 2

Documentation Requirements

  • Specific documentation in the medical record is mandatory to support each billed code and demonstrate medical necessity. 1, 2

  • Quality control measures must be documented, including acceptability and reproducibility of spirometry maneuvers. 1, 3

  • For 94010, at least three acceptable spirometry efforts meeting reproducibility criteria should be documented. 1, 4

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Guideline

CPT Coding for Pulmonary Function Testing

Praxis Medical Insights: Practical Summaries of Clinical Guidelines, 2025

Research

Spirometry and Bronchodilator Test.

Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, 2017

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Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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