What is an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?

From the Guidelines

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most appropriate imaging modality for detecting and characterizing soft-tissue masses, as it provides improved soft-tissue contrast and multiple-image plane capabilities. According to the study by 1, MRI has become the technique of choice for detecting and characterizing soft-tissue masses, with its ability to identify vascular structures and neurovascular involvement without the need for intravenous (IV) contrast agents.

The advantages of MRI include:

• Improved soft-tissue contrast
• Multiple-image plane capabilities
• Ability to identify vascular structures and neurovascular involvement without IV contrast agents
• High diagnostic performance for detecting Crohn disease-related active bowel inflammation in pediatric patients, with sensitivity values ranging from 66% to 95% and specificity values ranging from 64% to 97% on a bowel segmental basis, as shown in the study by 1

However, it's essential to note that the ability of MRI to differentiate benign from malignant lesions remains somewhat controversial, with recent studies showing that MRI can correctly diagnose approximately 50% of histologically confirmed cases using imaging and available clinical information, as stated in the study by 1.

In terms of specific applications, MRI is particularly valuable for examining the brain, spinal cord, muscles, joints, and internal organs to diagnose conditions ranging from tumors and strokes to ligament tears and inflammatory diseases. For instance, MRI is the modality of choice for assessment of the spinal cord and nerve roots, allowing evaluation of the cord for edema, abnormal signal and/or enhancement, mass and mass lesion, and compression, as mentioned in the study by 1.

Additionally, MRI is an excellent tool for evaluating right ventricular morphology and function, making it particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as pulmonary hypertension, as discussed in the study by 1.

Overall, MRI is a powerful medical imaging technique that offers significant advantages in visualizing soft tissues and diagnosing a wide range of conditions, making it an essential tool in modern medicine.

From the FDA Drug Label

1.1 MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS) Gadoteridol Injection is indicated for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in adults and pediatric patients including term neonates to visualize lesions with disrupted blood brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity in the brain (intracranial lesions), spine and associated tissues.

• MRI Indications: The drug label indicates that Gadoteridol Injection is used for MRI in adults and pediatric patients to visualize lesions in the brain, spine, and associated tissues.
• Key Points:
  • Used for MRI of the central nervous system (CNS)
  • Indicated for adults and pediatric patients, including term neonates
  • Visualizes lesions with disrupted blood-brain barrier and/or abnormal vascularity 2

From the Research

MRI Overview

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is a medical imaging technique that uses magnetism and radio waves to produce cross-sectional images of the body 3.
• It has become a crucial tool in medical diagnosis, particularly in the field of spinal trauma and acute spinal cord injury 4, 5.

Clinical Applications of MRI

• MRI is useful in detecting acute soft tissue and cord injuries in spinal trauma patients 4.
• It can identify cord compression, disc herniation, ligamentous injury, and epidural hematoma in acute spinal cord injury patients 5.
• MRI findings can alter management, including timing of surgery, decision to operate, and surgical approach 5.

MRI in Spinal Trauma

• MRI has been proposed as mandatory to help identify spinal injuries in patients with ankylosing spinal disorders or unexplained neck or back pain 6.
• However, some studies suggest that the routine use of MRI may be limited to patients with nonankylosed levels or those with neurological deficits 6.
• MRI can be useful in diagnosing spinal cord and soft tissue injuries, but its optimal timing and effect on outcomes are still unclear 5.

Safety and Limitations of MRI

• MRI is generally considered safe, with no adverse events reported in several studies 5.
• However, it may not be suitable for all patients, particularly those with certain metal implants or claustrophobia 3.
• MRI may not be necessary for all patients with spinal trauma, and its use should be tailored to individual patient needs 6, 5.