What are the first-line treatment medications for an adult patient presenting with a severe case of Aphthous Ulcer (also known as Canker Sores)?

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From the FDA Drug Label

ACTIVE INGREDIENT (IN EACH CAPLET) Acetaminophen USP, 650 mg The FDA drug label does not answer the question.

From the Research

As a first-line treatment for a severe case of aphthous ulcers in an adult patient, I would prescribe topical corticosteroids as the primary treatment, based on the most recent and highest quality study available 1. The treatment of aphthous ulcers should focus on reducing inflammation, providing pain relief, and preventing infection.

  • Topical corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone 0.5 mg/5mL elixir or triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% dental paste, should be applied directly to the ulcers 3-4 times daily, especially after meals and before bedtime.
  • For immediate pain relief, benzocaine 20% gel or lidocaine 2% viscous solution can be applied to the affected areas 15-20 minutes before meals.
  • Chlorhexidine 0.12% oral rinse can be used twice daily to prevent secondary infection. The patient should avoid spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods during healing and maintain good oral hygiene. Systemic therapy, such as prednisone 40-60 mg daily for 5-7 days with a tapering dose, may be considered if the ulcers are particularly severe or widespread, as suggested by earlier studies 2, 3, 4. However, the most recent study 1 emphasizes the importance of topical corticosteroids as the first line of treatment, with systemic medications being reserved for more severe cases. Additionally, supplements such as vitamin B12 1000 mcg daily and folic acid 1 mg daily may be recommended to address potential nutritional deficiencies that may contribute to aphthous ulcers. A multidisciplinary treatment approach, as described in a recent case report 5, may also be considered for refractory cases.

References

Research

The treatment of chronic recurrent oral aphthous ulcers.

Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2014

Research

Treatment strategies for recurrent oral aphthous ulcers.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2001

Research

Aphthous ulcers.

Dermatologic therapy, 2010

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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